En el presente documento se identifican las principales limitaciones existentes en cada país y en el que se propone una estrategia para la formación de la demanda eléctrica regional y la promoción de inversiones en generación eléctrica regional. El documento responde a una solicitud del CD MER a la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL). Un informe preliminar fue presentado y discutido en dos seminarios-taller realizados durante el año 2012 en San Salvador, El Salvador el pasado 29 de marzo, y el segundo en Managua, Nicaragua, el 8 de junio. El primer seminario-taller fue d…
En el presente libro se presenta la propuesta de vigorizar los sistemas de innovación en Centroamérica, como un mecanismo para avanzar decididamente hacia el cambio estructural. El enfoque empleado tiene dos características distintivas y novedosas para el análisis de este tema en la subregión centroamericana. En primer lugar, las recomendaciones tienen una perspectiva regional. La construcción de iniciativas subregionales conjuntas de ciencia, tecnología e innovación permitirá lograr sinergias y complementariedades en el uso de recursos públicos y privados. Esto tiene particular importancia en…
Con base en el modelo del sistema de banda ancha desarrollado por los mismos autores en 2010 en su libro Acelerando la revolución digital, en el presente documento se analiza la evolución de esa tecnología en América Latina, se evalúan los efectos económicos de su expansión, se estudian las políticas públicas para su masificación y se discute el futuro del ecosistema. Las consideraciones de política se centran en los planes nacionales de universalización y el debate sobre la neutralidad de la red. El estudio de las tendencias recientes se focaliza en el avance de la computación en la nube y l…
The first chapter of the book provides elements for analysing the outlook for population ageing and its inclusion in the public agenda, drawing on the development proposal advanced by ECLAC. To that end, it examines the central theme of the document: equality and ageing. The concepts are presented and analysed, with particular emphasis on the challenges facing social protection and solidarity. Next, the book provides a demographic overview of the region, illustrating the main population trends in the years ahead. In particular, it describes the demographic window of opportunity presented by an…
The main objective of the present study was to determine the value of impacts due to climate change on the agricultural sector in the Caribbean under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A2 and B2 scenarios. More specifically, the study aimed to evaluate the direction and magnitude of the potential impacts of climate change on aggregate agricultural output and other key agricultural indicators. Further, the study forecast changes in income for agricultural output for key subsectors under the A2 and B2 scenarios, from 2011 to 2050. It analysed the …
Climate change poses special challenges for Caribbean decision makers related to the uncertainties inherent in future climate projections and the complex linkages between climate change, physical and biological systems,
and socioeconomic sectors. At present, however, the Caribbean subregion lacks the adaptive capacity needed
to address these challenges.
The present report assesses the economic and social impacts of climate change on the coastal and
marine sector in the Caribbean until 2050. It aims both to provide Caribbean decision makers with cutting edge
information on the vulnerability to …
The present report assesses the economic and social impacts of climate change on the energy sector in Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Cuba, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Lucia, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago.
In the study, the Artificial Neural Network methodology was employed to model the relationship between climate change and energy demand. The viability of the actions proposed were assessed using cost benefit analyses based on models from the National Renewable Energy …
Climate change affects the fundamental bases of good human health, which are clean air, safe drinking
water, sufficient food, and secure shelter. Climate change is known to impact health through three
climate dimensions: extreme heat, natural disasters, and infections and diseases. The temporal and
spatial climatic changes that will affect the biology and ecology of vectors and intermediate hosts are
likely to increase the risks of disease transmission. The greatest effect of climate change on disease
transmission is likely to be observed at the extremes of the range of temperatures at which
t…
There are significant, fundamental changes taking place in global air and sea surface temperatures and sea levels. The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change noted that many of the warmest years on the instrumental record of global surface temperatures have occurred within the last twelve years, i.e. 1995-2006 (IPCC, 2007). The Caribbean tourism product is particularly vulnerable to climate change. On the demand side, mitigation measures in other countries – for example, measures to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels – could have implications for airfares…
This FAL Bulletin discusses the challenges involved in creating equality in urban mobility and the need to reach towards a social sustainability framework, as existing policies often accentuate current inequities and inequalities in accessibility. Lack of access to mobility has wide-ranging effects across social
groups, gender and particularly the urban poor.…
En este Boletín FAL se describen los problemas que se enfrentan para crear igualdad en la movilidad urbana y la necesidad de
lograr un marco de sostenibilidad social, dado que las políticas existentes suelen acentuar las inequidades y desigualdades actuales en materia de accesibilidad. La falta de acceso a la movilidad tiene distintos efectos según el grupo social y el género, particularmente entre los pobres de las zonas urbanas.…
This study provides an up-to-date overview of taxation in Latin America and the Caribbean —analysing the share of tax revenue in the total income of public sectors across the region, and the importance of levies charged on the exploitation of natural resources, value added tax (VAT), income tax, taxes on capital, and revenues raised by subnational governments. The analysis also describes the key tax reforms introduced in the region over the last five years. A second part of this document sets out a reciprocity-based policy framework through which to investigate tax-policy issues. It identifies…
En el presente documento se presenta un panorama actualizado de la situación tributaria en América Latina y el Caribe. Se explica la participación de los impuestos en el total de ingresos de los sectores públicos de la región, así como la importancia que tienen los gravámenes aplicados a la explotación de recursos naturales, el impuesto al valor agregado (IVA), el impuesto sobre la renta, los impuestos sobre el patrimonio y los recursos recaudados por los gobiernos subnacionales. Como parte de este diagnóstico, se describen las principales reformas tributarias que se han llevado a cabo en el ú…
This report is part of a series of national case studies aimed at disseminating knowledge on the current status of social protection systems in Latin American and Caribbean countries, and at discussing their main challenges in terms of realizing of the economic and social rights of the population and achieving key development goals, such as combating poverty and hunger.…
Este informe forma parte de una serie de estudios de caso nacionales cuyo propósito es difundir el conocimiento sobre la situación actual de los sistemas de protección social en los países de América Latina y el Caribe, así como discutir los principales desafíos en este ámbito en términos de la realización de los derechos económicos y sociales de la población y el logro de los objetivos de desarrollo claves, tales como la superación de la pobreza y el hambre.…
This report is part of a series of national case studies aimed at disseminating knowledge on the current status of social protection systems in Latin American and Caribbean countries, and at discussing their main challenges in terms of realizing of the economic and social rights of the population and achieving key development goals, such as combating poverty and hunger.…
This report is part of a series of national case studies aimed at disseminating knowledge on the current status of social protection systems in Latin American and Caribbean countries, and at discussing their main challenges in terms of realizing of the economic and social rights of the population and achieving key development goals, such as combating poverty and hunger.…
This report is part of a series of national case studies aimed at disseminating knowledge on the current status of social protection systems in Latin American and Caribbean countries, and at discussing their main challenges in terms of realizing of the economic and social rights of the population and achieving key development goals, such as combating poverty and hunger.…
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