La comparación de las economías es fundamental para las políticas públicas, pero enfrenta un obstáculo: las estadísticas medidas en monedas locales no son directamente comparables. Los tipos de cambio de mercado ofrecen una visión distorsionada al no reflejar las diferencias de precios entre países. Para superar este desafío, el Programa de Comparación Internacional (PCI), coordinado por el Banco Mundial, genera las paridades de poder adquisitivo (PPA). Estos indicadores eliminan las diferencias de precios, lo que permite comparar el volumen real del PIB y determinar el verdadero tamaño de las…
This survey examines the economic performance of economies of the Caribbean in 2023 and the first few months of 2024 and comprises five chapters. The first chapter gives an overview of global, regional and subregional economic performance in the Caribbean. The second provides an analysis of the subregion’s fiscal performance and debt burden. The third looks at monetary policy and their impacts. The fourth is focused on the external sector, while the fifth concludes.…
chapters. The introduction examines the world economy and its prospects as well as growth and unemployment trends of Caribbean economies. The first chapter provides a comparative analysis across Caribbean economies of the main macroeconomic variables, namely GDP growth, monetary indicators, as well as fiscal and external accounts. The second chapter concludes, while the annex includes individual country briefs that give an overview of the economic situation for the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and a subregional assessment of the countries of the Ea…
En este documento se analiza la evolución de las principales variables macroeconómicas de los países de Centroamérica y la República Dominicana en 2024 y sus perspectivas para 2025. Los países de esta subregión muestran resiliencia en materia macroeconómica, en un entorno económico mundial adverso. En 2024, las economías de Centroamérica y la República Dominicana registraron un crecimiento promedio ponderado del 3,9%. El déficit fiscal promedio se ubicó en un 2,7% del producto interno bruto (PIB). La política monetaria se caracterizó, en la mayoría de los países de Centroamérica y la República…
Latin America and the Caribbean remains caught in a trap of low capacity for growth. ECLAC forecasts regional growth of 2.3% in 2026, slightly below the 2.4% recorded in 2025, marking four consecutive years of growth rates around 2.3%. This 2025 edition of the Preliminary Overview of the Economies of Latin America and the Caribbean shows that this performance comes amid global uncertainty and domestic constraints which limit investment growth, productivity and the capacity to generate formal employment.
The economic outlook of the region is mixed. Although inflation continues to decline, facil…
América Latina y el Caribe sigue enfrentando una trampa de baja capacidad para crecer. Las proyecciones de la CEPAL indican que la región crecerá alrededor del 2,3% en 2026, cifra levemente menor al 2,4% de 2025, definiéndose así una secuencia de cuatro años con tasas de crecimiento de alrededor del 2,3%. La presente edición 2025 del Balance Preliminar de las Economías de América Latina y el Caribe muestra que este desempeño se da en un entorno mundial incierto y con limitaciones internas que restringen un mayor crecimiento de la inversión, la productividad y la capacidad de generar empleo for…
Latin American and Caribbean international bond issuance totalled US$ 161 billion in the first nine months of 2025, 32% higher than the full-year total for 2024 and the highest amount on record. The average coupon rate of 6.6%, compared with 7.1% in 2024, points to easing external financing costs. The market remained open to high-yield issuers, though investment-grade borrowers accounted for 64% of total issuance.
While overall issuance reached new highs, green, social, sustainability and sustainability-linked (GSSS) bond issuance moved in the opposite direction. The region issued US$ 14.05 bi…
This special issue of the United States economic outlook examines the trends in the ownership composition of United States federal debt holders, focusing on the balance between domestic and foreign investors and its implications for fiscal policy, financial stability and Latin America and the Caribbean. It provides updated data through mid-2025 on the structure of Treasury holdings, highlighting both the region’s participation as holders of United States debt and the strategies adopted by Latin American and Caribbean countries. The publication builds on two earlier reports by the ECLAC office …
In 2024, the United States economy expanded 2.8%, led by consumer spending. Job creation slowed and the unemployment rate edged up to 4.1% in December. Inflation eased to 2.4% in September but closed the year at 2.9%, with the core consumer price index (CPI) at 3.2%. The Federal Reserve cut rates in September, November and December, lowering the federal funds target range to 4.25%–4.50%, while trade and fiscal deficits widened.
In the first half of 2025, GDP growth averaged 1.4%, with a contraction of 0.3% in the first quarter and an uptick of 3.3% in the second. From January to July, the eco…
O Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea) desenvolveu um projeto abrangente para analisar os indicadores da Organização para a Cooperação e o Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE), com o objetivo de apoiar a acessão do Brasil à organização e disseminar conhecimento sobre os padrões oficiais. Dado que a realidade brasileira difere significativamente da média dos membros da OCDE e que uma comparação entre os indicadores da organização e a situação brasileira é crucial para identificar lacunas e desafios que o Brasil precisa enfrentar para se alinhar aos padrões internacionais, a realização de…
The 2021 cycle of the International Comparison Programme (ICP) reflects the commitment of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) to strengthening the region’s statistical systems and ensuring the Programme’s continuity, in keeping with the guidelines of the International Comparison Programme Global Office of the World Bank.
Among the entities tasked with compiling economic data, ECLAC covers the third-highest number of countries and territories, although the region accounts for just 7.3% of global GDP. This was a significant challenge, all the more so given the con…
El Programa de Comparación Internacional (PCI) del año 2021 simboliza el compromiso de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) con el fortalecimiento de los sistemas estadísticos nacionales de los países de la región, asegurando la continuidad sostenida al programa, en línea con las directrices establecidas por el Programa de Comparación Internacional de la Oficina Global del Banco Mundial.
Entre las agencias encargadas de compilar datos económicos, la CEPAL se convirtió en la tercera con mayor cantidad de países y territorios cubiertos, aunque la región alcanzó el 7,3% …
Los países de América Latina y el Caribe enfrentan la urgente necesidad de acelerar la movilización de recursos para el desarrollo a fin de evitar una nueva década perdida, en un contexto internacional complejo y poco favorable. En esta edición del Estudio Económico de América Latina y el Caribe se sintetizan los principales mensajes que llevó la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) —acompañando a los países de la región— a la Cuarta Conferencia Internacional sobre la Financiación para el Desarrollo, celebrada recientemente en Sevilla (España) en 2025.
En este Estudio se…
The countries of Latin America and the Caribbean must urgently step up resource mobilization for development to avoid a third lost decade, amid a challenging and grim global landscape. This edition of the Economic Survey for Latin America and the Caribbean summarizes the key messages presented by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) —along with the countries of the region— at the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development, held in Seville, Spain, in 2025.
This Economic Survey analyses three key dimensions of resource mobilization: fiscal and str…
Latin American and Caribbean bond issuance in international markets amounted to US$ 121.8 billion in 2024, 36% higher than in 2023 and the strongest figure in three years. The average coupon rate, at 7.1%, was slightly above the 2023 level of 6.9%, indicating that financing costs remain elevated. Although the market was still open to high-yield issuers, investment grade bonds accounted for 57% of the region’s issuance.
In 2024, issuance of green, social, sustainability and sustainability-linked (GSSS) bonds on international markets climbed by 6% relative to 2023, to a total of US$ 33.1 billi…
Latin America and the Caribbean is caught in a trap of low capacity for growth, according to the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). The region’s economies are projected to expand by 2.2% and 2.4% in 2024 and 2025, respectively. Although these figures are above the 2015–2024 average of 1.0%, they are insufficient to close the gap with the economies of developed countries.
The 2024 and 2025 international context is one of highly uncertain financial and trade conditions and slowing growth for the region’s main trading partners. Domestic macroeconomic policy space rem…
América Latina y el Caribe enfrenta lo que la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) ha denominado una trampa de baja capacidad para crecer. Para 2024 y 2025, las tasas de crecimiento serán de un 2,2% y un 2,4%, respectivamente. Si bien estas son mayores al promedio de la década 2015-2024 (1,0%), no permitirán cerrar las brechas que exhiben las economías de la región con respecto a las economías desarrolladas.
En 2024 y 2025, los países de la región enfrentan un contexto internacional caracterizado por una elevada incertidumbre financiera y comercial, y una desaceleración d…
Compilaciones que reúnen las últimas publicaciones organizadas según las principales áreas de trabajo de la Organización. Estos catálogos permiten conocer, de manera estructurada, los títulos más relevantes vinculados a las grandes líneas temáticas que orientan a la CEPAL.…
This survey examines the economic performance of economies of the Caribbean in 2022 and the first few months of 2023 and comprises five chapters. The first chapter gives an overview of global, regional and subregional economic performance in the Caribbean. The second provides an analysis of the subregion’s fiscal performance and debt burden. The third looks at monetary policy and their impacts. The fourth is focused on the external sector, while the fifth concludes.…