Coincidiendo con la partida de Carmen Miró, la revista Notas de Población
conmemora su cincuentenario. El Centro Latinoamericano y Caribeño de Demografía
(CELADE)-División de Población de la CEPAL quiere homenajear a esta gran mujer
latinoamericana, que posicionó la disciplina y los temas demográficos en el centro de los
debates sobre el desarrollo de la región. Ciertamente, una de las etapas más trascendentales
de su destacada y extensa trayectoria fue su paso por el CELADE1, entre 1957 y 1976. En
dicho período, Carmen fundó la revista, como una apuesta por ofrecer a la comunidad
científica d…
Este artículo examina el papel de la experiencia migratoria en la reinserción laboral
de las personas uruguayas entre 2012 y 2017. Los datos corresponden a la encuesta
oficial de población activa del Uruguay, que caracteriza a migrantes de retorno según
el tiempo de asentamiento. La investigación se enfoca en la población retornada
de España, la de mayor presencia en los flujos migratorios de personas uruguayas
durante el siglo XXI. La metodología empleada consiste en la estimación de modelos
probit bietápicos, en los que primero se modela la probabilidad de tener un empleo y
posteriormente la…
En este trabajo se analiza la evolución de la brecha socioeconómica entre los hogares
uruguayos monoparentales y biparentales con hijos menores de 22 años, entre 1986 y
2018. El análisis se realiza a la luz de las transformaciones familiares y los cambios en el
acceso a recursos por parte de las mujeres. Los resultados muestran un aumento de los
hogares monoparentales pobres a partir de 2003, que implicó un cambio de tendencia
respecto de su situación relativa frente a los hogares biparentales, que tradicionalmente
tenían un perfil socioeconómico muy similar. Este trabajo sugiere que el aument…
This document is the report of the Second Regional Seminar on Social Development “Social security and protracted crisis: an opportunity to combat inequality in the framework of a welfare state in Latin America and the Caribbean”. This seminar was organised by the Social Development Division of ECLAC in collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) and in partnership with the German Cooperation and the European Union’s Transitional Development Facility Project,1 and was held on 30 and 31 August and 1 September 2022.
In its sec…
Addressing the needs of older persons poses public-policy challenges. The obstacles that the poorest older persons face in securing their livelihoods, compounded by physiological and metabolic changes and the presence of chronic diseases, make them more vulnerable. This study evaluates the impact of the Continuous Benefit Programme (BPC) on the nutritional status and food security levels of older persons in Brazil, using a fuzzy regression discontinuity design with microdata drawn from the 2017–2018 Consumer Expenditure Survey (POF). On average, participation in the programme is found to incre…
In Latin America, “islands of modernity” associated with a new biological and digital paradigm in the exploitation of natural resources and the production of services and manufactures coexist with vast segments of the population mired in insecurity, poverty, stagnation and social exclusion. This structural dualism reflects a growing gap between a modern segment of society that emulates the behaviour patterns of developed nations and a segment that lags behind, in which labour informality, basic material deprivations and rising citizen insecurity predominate. The lack of an appropriate theory o…
We compare the effects of labour market shocks and social policy responses on people’s welfare following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay. We assess the role of formal and informal sector labour incomes and social transfers in the changes observed in the distribution of income and welfare. We worked with harmonized household survey microdata and performed a microdecomposition analysis by income source. In all four countries, the loss of earnings was the main mechanism behind the loss of income, and developments in the informal sector were crucial in…
This article analyses recent changes in social and solidarity economy (SSE) policies in eight Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico and Uruguay. It outlines the institutional rules that limited or added to States’ policymaking capacity, as well as examining progress on legislation and regulations and changes in specialized institutional frameworks. The information was obtained through an extensive review of documents and databases produced by government and academic institutions and social and solidarity economy organizations. The conclusion …
We take more than a million student evaluations of almost 200,000 professors from the RateMyProfessors website and link them with information on the research productivity of almost 3,000 professors in Google Scholar to provide a systematic characterization of the relationship between student evaluations and the characteristics of the classes, universities and professors concerned and to test whether students’ appreciations are conditionally related to research productivity. The study concludes that although how “easy” and “interesting” students consider a course to be are the most important de…
How economic growth can be improved is a question that has always divided researchers, but it is one of the utmost importance, bearing directly on prosperity, quality of life and human well-being. The research presented here is an experimental review whose purpose is to evaluate the causal effects that the erosion of economic freedom has had on the economic growth rate, corruption, democracy, the transparency of laws, media censorship and judicial constraints in 19 Latin American countries during the twenty-first century. The results show that for each percentage point erosion of economic free…
This paper analyses the economic and social impact of a State aid programme designed to incentivize the development of the border provinces of the Dominican Republic. The intervention method chosen was based on tax exemptions, creating a possible tension between the objective of territorial cohesion and that of upholding market competition. In the competition sphere, the study analyses whether the law had the effect of increasing the market power of beneficiary companies. In the social sphere, it establishes a criterion of regional similarity and compares the evolution of the border provinces …
This study proposes using optimum currency areas (OCA) as a theoretical basis for analysis of the full dollarization of Ecuador, viewing the country and the United States as an informal monetary union. At least two facets of this are of interest: (i) the convergence properties of inflation rates between Ecuador and the United States; and (ii) the degree of vulnerability of the Ecuadorian economy to changes in United States monetary policy. Unit roots and stationarity tests are used to study inflation rate convergence, structural vector autoregressive models are used to examine the Ecuadorian e…
This article analyses Raúl Prebisch’s earliest activities while still a young student at the University of Buenos Aires, between 1918 and 1922. One of these activities was the translation of texts by foreign economists for the university’s Revista de Ciencias Económicas, contributing to the dissemination of ideas in Argentina. We analyse Prebisch’s 1919 translation of Adolph Wagner and find indications that he modified the text, firstly by selecting for translation excerpts critical of the idea that free trade was automatically beneficial to all nations, secondly by omitting Wagner’s defence o…
Health satellite accounts provide information to elucidate the interaction between the health sector and the rest of the economy. However, in Brazil these accounts have gaps, such as a lack of data on gross fixed capital formation. The aim of this article is to present a methodology to measure gross fixed capital formation in the health sector in 2010–2019 and to analyse the data thus obtained. The results show that gross fixed capital formation in the health sector is biased towards machinery and equipment rather than construction. The share of private investment increased throughout the peri…
Industrial policy today remains as important as ever for Latin America and the Caribbean. Moving towards development requires a rational, inclusive and sustainable industrial policy guided by the intensive use of information, enabling the definition and dissemination of indicators that are useful for decision-making.
The Statistics Division of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), with the support of national statistical offices, has been building a database of economic surveys to compile annual basic statistics for calculating statistical indicators on the manuf…
La política industrial es hoy tan relevante como lo ha sido en el pasado para América Latina y el Caribe. Los pasos hacia el desarrollo dependen de una política industrial racional, inclusiva y sostenible; guiada por un uso intensivo de la información, que permita la definición y difusión de indicadores útiles para la toma de decisiones. La División de Estadísticas de la CEPAL, con el apoyo de las oficinas nacionales de estadísticas, ha venido elaborando una Base de Datos de encuestas Económicas, con el objetivo de recopilar estadísticas anuales básicas para el cálculo de indicadores estadísti…
La transición ecológica a favor del cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible y el Acuerdo de París sobre el cambio climático pone en relieve la importancia del desempeño social y ambiental de las actividades mineras al suponer un consumo de altas cantidades de materias. Ante el desafío de mejorar las prácticas del sector tradicionalmente asociado con efectos ambientales negativos e indiferencia hacia las comunidades locales, las principales empresas mineras han ido adoptando iniciativas encaminadas hacia la sostenibilidad. Este informe se centra en cinco países andinos, a saber, …
This document of Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean 2023 (ECLAC), presents the challenge of attracting and retaining FDI that contributes to sustainable and inclusive development in the region remains as relevant as ever, and countries must make efforts to enact the right kind of policies if they are to have FDI that supports their development process and allows for the realization of the potential of FDI to build capacities, create quality jobs, transfer technology and enhance the diversification and sophistication of the production mix. One of the main reasons given…