Resumen del artículo publicado en Revista CEPAL N° 117, diciembre de 2015. Autores: Luis Miguel Galindo, Joseluis Samaniego, José Eduardo Alatorre, Jimy Ferrer Carbonell y Orlando Reyes.…
By means of a meta-analysis, this article sets out to estimate average values for the income and price elasticities of gasoline demand and to analyse the reasons for the variations in the elasticities reported by the literature. The findings show that there is publication bias, that the volatility of elasticity estimates is not due to sampling errors alone, and that there are systematic factors explaining these differences. The income and price elasticities of gasoline demand differ between the short and long run and by region, and the estimation can appropriately include the vehicle fleet and…
El objetivo de este artículo es estimar, mediante un meta-análisis, el valor promedio de las elasticidades ingreso y precio de la demanda de gasolinas y analizar las causas de la variación en las elasticidades reportadas en la literatura. Los resultados muestran que existe un sesgo de publicación, que la volatilidad de las estimaciones de las elasticidades no se debe exclusivamente a errores de muestreo y que existen factores sistemáticos que explican estas diferencias. Las elasticidades ingreso y precio de la demanda de gasolinas son distintas en el corto y largo plazo, por regiones, y son su…
The International Comparison Programme (ICP) is a worldwide statistical project whose purpose is to collect comparative price data from a broad list or basket of products and to compile detailed values for spending-side gross domestic product (GDP) in order to calculate purchasing power parities (PPPs). Using PPPs, rather than market exchange rates, to convert macroeconomic aggregates aids comparison of production across economies and of the well-being of populations in real terms, insofar as they are compared on the basis of the purchasing power of each of the participant countries.…
El Programa de Comparación Internacional (PCI) es un proyecto estadístico mundial cuyo objetivo consiste en recolectar datos comparables sobre precios de una amplia canasta de productos y compilar valores detallados del producto interno bruto (PIB) relativos al gasto para calcular las paridades de poder adquisitivo (PPA). Al utilizarse las PPA en lugar de los tipos de cambio de mercado para convertir los agregados macroeconómicos, es posible comparar la producción de las economías y el bienestar de sus habitantes en términos reales, es decir, teniendo en consideración la capacidad de compra en…
It has been established for a long time that there is significant dispersion in prices charged for seemingly homogeneous goods. This may happen in competitive markets because the world is not frictionless, and certainly in other markets where price discrimination is carried out by firms with oligopolistic power. This paper is the first survey of the economic literature on price dispersion that addresses the following three key issues: i) its characteristics as a result of optimizing search behavior; ii) its relevance as a reflection of price discrimination and its consequences for social welfa…
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