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The facilitation of trade in the European Union
In terms of its contents, this article is a natural continuation of FAL Bulletin No. 167. In that edition of the Bulletin, conceptual progress was made in defining the notion of ?facilitation of trade? and in outlining how this issue is dealt with in some international organizations; here, information referring to the European Union (EU) is presented in a detailed fashion.…
La facilitación del comercio en la Unión Europea
Desde el punto de vista de su contenido, el presente artículo es una continuación natural del Boletín FAL No. 167. En efecto, dado que en que en él se avanzó conceptualmente en la definición del término facilitación del comercio y en explicar de manera general la forma en que este tema es abordado en algunos organismos internacionales, aquí se presenta en forma detallada la información referida a la Unión Europea (UE).…
The Invisible Majority: what feminist economics can offer
Trade, environment and development: implications for Caribbean countries
Introduction Trade and development issues have been the focus of economists, policy makers and international organizations for decades. However, environmental concerns have only come to the fore within the last couple of decades largely as a result of the work of scientists on, for example, climate change and loss in biodiversity as well as the lobbying activities of environmental groups, such as Greenpeace. The linking of environment to trade only gained international prominence since the negotiations for the Canada-United States Free Trade Area in the 1980s. However, although enviro…
The impact of privatisation on the banking sector in the Caribbean
Introduction With the failure of the import-substituting industrialisation policies of the post-war period, Caribbean countries shifted to an export-promotion strategy in the 1980s. Export promotion inevitably demanded a shifting of the relative price and productivity of tradable goods and services. To provide the necessary incentives for export promotion, countries pursued a mixture of reforms and restructuring to attract investment and to promote the competitiveness of production and exchange. The period also coincided with a shift in the development paradigm of the developed countri…
Caribbean policy response to the information age: a review of government information and communications technology policy and services in selected Caribbean countries
Caribbean governments have been reacting to the phenomenon that is the Information Age with a variety of policy initiatives. Initially governments trained most of their efforts at facilitating the development of an informatics industry, drawn there by the promise of jobs and foreign exchange earnings. However, the motives for these policy interventions have evolved over time and as a consequence, policy has matured. This paper, which is descriptive rather than analytical, draws heavily on statements made by government decision makers. It attempts to provide an overview of some of the maj…
Application of the concepts of agro-tourism, agricultural diversification and food and nutrition for the development of Caribbean communities with reference to standards and priority setting
Introduction There is a renewed call for a new approach to development with emphasis on community empowerment or participation, with the belief that more sustainable activities will be undertaken in those communities. Much of that call, however, is coming not from within the communities, but primarily from advocates of change who may have little to do with those communities. What then will the new approach bring apart from a change in who are the decision-makers? And how do we ensure that the change that is called for will, in fact, bring added benefits to the communities themselves? To be sur…
Development social policy for youth with special reference to young men in Saint Lucia
Summary Highlights some issues raised during consultations about the apparent alienation of some sectors of the youth population in St. Lucia. These include rising levels of involvement of male youth in criminal activity and violence, high dropout rates and increased rates of drug abuse. Examines the education system, noting its lack of responsiveness to the developmental needs of contemporary St. Lucia, the lack of economic opportunities on the island and socialisation trends. Recommends a revision of the curriculum, making the education system more technically oriented, teacher training a…
An evaluative study of the implementation of domestic violence legislation: Antigua and Barbuda, St. Kitss
Preface A central role of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean is the provision of critical thinking and information to governments to assist in policy formulation and evaluation. In meeting that role, ECLAC emphasises the research endeavour and, more particularly, research which elicits new insights and throws up practical solutions and recommendations. This study was undertaken as a component of technical assistance to the Family Law and Domestic Violence Legislative Reform Project piloted by the Eastern Carib…
Estilo de desarrollo y mutaciones del sector laboral en la región Norte de América Latina
Trade and investment flows between the Caribbean and the rest of the hemisphere in the context of the FTAA
Introduction The evolution of trade and investment flows between the Caribbean and the rest of the western hemisphere has been influenced by historical incorporation into the world economy and changes over time. The most important historical factor was the incorporation of the region into the international capitalist economy as producers and exporters of primary products and importers of technology, manufactured goods and finance. This pattern of specialisation and exchange led to exports of primary goods such as sugar,bananas and minerals (oil and bauxite);. Investment flows followed trade an…
Establishing social statistical databases for evidenced-based social policy formulation in the Caribbean
Abstract The paper presents the challenges and lessons learnt from the Project Development of Social Statistical Databases and the Methodological Approaches for a Social Vulnerability Index (SVI); for Small Island Developing States' (NET/00/035);, which was undertaken by the Social Development Unit of the ECLAC/CDCC secretariat. The Project aims to make available to social planners and decision makers in the Caribbean, a body of social statistics comprised of data sets being generated by national central statistical offices of the ECLAC/CDCC member States. The paper situates the Pro…
Determinantes estáticos y dinámicos de la competitividad en los acuerdos regionales
Istmo Centroamericano: informe sobre abastecimiento de hidrocarburos, 2000
Presentación En virtud del convenio entre la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) y la República Federal de Alemania (a través de la agencia de cooperación GTZ), destinado para el subsector de hidrocarburos de América Central, la Unidad de Energía de la Sede Subregional de la CEPAL en México ha venido publicando informes anuales sobre el abastecimiento de hidrocarburos en el Istmo Centroamericano. Dentro de esta cooperación conviene mencionar que en el año 1998 finalizó la VI fase del proyecto para el mejoramiento del abastecimiento de hidrocarburos para la región, pero d…
Pension reform in Europe in the 90's and lessons for Latin America
Abstract Reviewing and comparing the economic histories of Europe and Latin America we can observe that the universality of social security systems and the concurrent development of labor market institutions allowed Europe to reduce social inequality, while this has not been possible in Latin America. Pension systems in Latin America face some of the same problems that Europe's social security systems have faced before but with more difficult financing conditions. This document focuses on the lessons that Latin American countries may draw from the experience of Europe as well as on how re…
Reformas pensionales y costos fiscales en Colombia
Resumen Colombia realizó en 1993 una reforma de todo su Sistema de Seguridad Social: pensiones (invalidez, vejez y muerte);, salud, y protección contra riesgos profesionales. Se abrió la administración del aseguramiento, la inversión del ahorro, la prevención y la provisión de servicios médicos a firmas privadas así como a entidades públicas, para promover la competencia y mejorar los servicios, bajo regulación y con garantías estatales. En este documento se trata solamente el sistema ordinario de pensiones 1 , describiendo en primer lugar los principales aspectos de la reforma propuesta por e…
Organismos genéticamente modificados: su impacto socioeconómico en la agricultura de los países de la Comunidad Andina, MERCOSUR y Chile
El desarrollo de la agro-biotecnología basada en la manipulación genética permite producir variedades de cultivos agrícolas más resistentes a plagas y enfermedades y en general, promete incorporar características deseadas, tales como resistencia a sequía y heladas y mejores cualidades nutritivas. Varios estudios sugieren que la rápida difusión e implementación de los Organismos Genéticamente Modificados (OGM) o de cultivos transgénicos en la agricultura comercial estaría modificando el mapa de las ventajas comparativas y competitivas de los países de América Latina, pero con efectos diferencia…
Debt for nature: a swap whose time has gone?
Abstract This paper purports to review the performance of the Debt for Nature Swap (DNS) Programs in light of their dual objectives of lowering deforestation rates as well as the cost of debt servicing. It evaluates the performance of private and Public DNS and inquires whether such swaps have made any significant dent on the debt and deforestation problems besetting many developing countries. It also assesses the prospects for such swaps in the future. We argue that since the prospects for DNS are limited, a more conducive solution for the deforestation problem in many developing countries ma…