El gasto público social se distribuye siguiendo diferentes pautas, que pueden ser explícitas o no. Las personas de diferentes características (sexo, edad, zona de residencia, nivel socioeconómico, entre otras) se apropian en diferentes proporciones del gasto. Por lo tanto, resulta fundamental analizar si la apropiación del gasto se corresponde con la matriz de riesgo de la población. En este trabajo se evalúa la distribución territorial del gasto público social en Uruguay entre 2006 y 2015, utilizando como unidad territorial los departamentos.…
El presente documento tiene como objetivo sistematizar y cuantificar los incentivos y apoyos públicos que el gobierno otorga al sector productivo en Uruguay, siendo clasificados y analizados por área y sector de actividad. Para ello, se relevan todos los programas y reglamentaciones vigentes en el año 2017. Entre estos instrumentos de apoyo al sector productivo se cuentan las exoneraciones fiscales y de aportes patronales, la devolución de tributos a la exportación, la protección arancelaria, los subsidios, los créditos preferenciales, los programas e incentivos a la capacitación, entre otros.…
In light of the high debt burden impacting Caribbean economies ECLAC has been pursuing an initiative designed to reduce the debt burden and advance sustainable development. The strategy has evolved over time and there is now agreement on an approach designed to bring financial resources to the Caribbean for resilience building while still emphasizing the importance of debt reduction. To address resilience and development financing, ECLAC proposes the establishment of a Caribbean Resilience Facility to be housed at a reputable financial institution. Such a facility would be capitalised by donor…
The Small Island Developing States (SIDS) agenda for sustainable development has as its foundation the Barbados Programme of Action (BPoA 1994), the Mauritius Strategy for Further Implementation of the BPoA (MSI 2005) and more recently the SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA Pathway 2014). These agreements representing 25 years of continual focus are the SIDS sustainable development blue prints.
With the objectives of positioning and maintaining a strategic SIDS focus across sustainable development agendas, this paper re-examines the Regional Coordinating Mechanism of the Caribbean De…
América Latina y el Caribe es la segunda región más urbanizada a nivel global y la que presenta los índices más altos de desigualdad. Por ello la relevancia de considerar distintos aspectos sobre las posibilidades de desarrollo que el entorno urbano otorga a las niñas, niños y adolescentes que viven en ciudades. El artículo central de este boletín se centra en la precariedad habitacional que caracteriza a los más de 80 millones de niñas, niños y adolescentes que enfrentan algún tipo de precariedad relativa a los materiales de construcción, a condiciones de hacinamiento y falta de acceso a agua…
La apropiación efectiva de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC) conlleva una modificación del modelo de negocio a través del aprovechamiento de productos, servicios y soluciones digitales. Este proceso requiere de políticas de apoyo que vayan más allá del acceso a la red y del uso básico de Internet y que busquen la transformación de los distintos ámbitos del quehacer empresarial.
El presente documento tiene por objetivo hacer un recuento de las políticas relacionadas al desarrollo de las TIC en nueve países de la región (Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, …
This study analyzes foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows from the Republic of Korea to Latin America and the Caribbean in the last two decades to identify how Korean companies are investing in the region and which lessons can be learned from this relationship. The study relies on the analysis of investment flows, greenfield projects, and mergers and acquisitions as well as on interviews with entrepreneurs and authorities and a survey conducted on a small sample of suppliers of the automotive industry in Mexico. The Republic of Korea is a valuable economic partner for countries in Latin Ame…
The Caribbean region is prone to disasters due to its geographic location. The exposures and resulting impacts of these disasters are aggravated by persistent social, economic and environmental vulnerabilities. Compounded with the region’s current dependence on imported fossil fuels and financial constraints, this study seeks to stimulate discussions around the complementarity of energy with every societal sector as well as its links with disaster risk management, and promote government-wide management that integrates energy policies, disaster management and climate change impacts.…
The economies of the Caribbean face several challenges, such as a lack of economies of scale in production of goods and services exacerbated by small populations, narrow internal markets and scarce capital, which limit the economic gains from self-sufficiency. For this reason, more emphasis should be placed on building export capacity and facilitating trade. If we examine the characteristics of firms in the subregion, the majority can be categorized as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Moreover, only about 13 per cent of these SMEs export. This suggests that on average the subregion i…
This study presents an assessment of national statistical legal frameworks across the Caribbean. It aims to ascertain the extent to which the UNFPOS are incorporated in the statistical laws of Member and Associate Member Countries of the Caribbean Development and Cooperation Committee (CDCC). Such an assessment provides the basis for making recommendations to the respective countries on policy actions needed to ensure the full incorporation of these principles in their statistics legislation thereby laying a solid foundation for the effective functioning of their NSS. Furthermore, an up-to-dat…
This study analyses the efforts that The Bahamas, Belize and Saint Kitts and Nevis are making to upgrade and diversify their tourism sectors to increase its contribution to inclusive growth. Generally, the study finds that the countries have been making efforts to upgrade and diversify the sector, but this has been affected by resource and institutional constraints. The study proposes key recommendations for strengthening upgrading and diversification.…
En el presente documento se comparan los regímenes de inversión extranjera directa (IED) en dos países de Asia oriental y sudoriental (la República de Corea y Tailandia) y tres de América Latina (Argentina, Colombia y Perú).
En los últimos años se ha pasado de una visión predominantemente cuantitativa de la IED a otra de tipo más cualitativo, donde los beneficios dependerán crucialmente del sector de destino y del tipo de inversión. Los dos países asiáticos aquí analizados no solo han recibido cuantiosas inversiones en una amplia variedad de sectores, sino que también se han convertido en impo…
Social protection is the first axis of the Regional Agenda for Inclusive Social Development, which was recently adopted at the third session of the Regional Conference on Social Development in Latin America and the Caribbean, held in Mexico City in October 2019. This Agenda, through which the countries aim to make progress with the implementation of the social dimension of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, acknowledges the progress the region has made since the turn of the century, when most of the governments of Latin America and the Caribbean —at different times, according to thei…
This document presents the consensus recommendations for the inclusion of a human rights-based approach in environmental impact assessments of mining projects by the mining companies and human rights thematic group of the Ibero-American Federation of Ombudsman (FIO by its Spanish acronym). These recommendations were validated by the group in the meeting that took place on September 2nd and 3rd 2019 in the headquarters of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), within the framework of the activities of the Regional cooperation for the sustainable mana…
Esta edição do Panorama Social da América Latina retoma a análise das tendencias na evolução da desigualdade de renda, pobreza e gasto social na América Latina e inclui uma análise da migração, fenômeno que adquiriu importância na agenda política e social da região. Além disso, destacam-se três grandes temas. Em primeiro lugar, mostra-se que a renda do 1% mais rico da população continua crescendo e que a estimativa da desigualdade que combina a participação do 1% mais rico com base em registros fiscais e informação das pesquisas domiciliares é significativamente mais elevada do que aquela obti…
Este Balanço Preliminar das Economias da América Latina e do Caribe vem à luz num contexto econômico e social extremamente complexo para a região. A América Latina apresenta desaceleração econômica generalizada e sincronizada nos países e nos diversos setores. Em 2019, contrastando com anos anteriores, 18 dos 20 países da América Latina, bem como 23 das 33 economias da América Latina e do Caribe, apresentam desaceleração na taxa de crescimento da atividade econômica. O menor dinamismo da demanda interna foi acompanhado por baixa demanda agregada externa e mercados financeiros internacionais ma…
This study assesses the status of gender mainstreaming in the policy framework of the 29 Caribbean member states and Associate Members of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), which are also members of its subsidiary organ for the subregion: the Caribbean Development and Cooperation Committee (CDCC).
The study defines and explains gender mainstreaming as a factor in national development planning and outlines the regional experiences and trends in mainstreaming gender. It highlights the frameworks and commitments that guide gender mainstreaming in national develop…
El presente número del Boletín Envejecimiento y Derechos de las Personas Mayores aborda diversos temas relacionados a los instrumentos internacionales para los derechos humanos de las personas mayores. Algunos artículos examinan los seguimientos regionales y mundiales de los avances en la implementación de estos instrumentos; otros hacen referencia a experiencias nacionales, destacando las buenas prácticas que se han llevado a cabo en los países. Asimismo, se relevan temas emergentes que atañen a las personas mayores y que los Estados deben considerarlos en sus políticas públicas.…
En este número de “Claves de la CEPAL para el Desarrollo” se presentan los mensajes claves de la edición 2019 del Panorama Social de América Latina, publicado por la Comisión en diciembre de 2019.…
Following on from FAL Bulletin No. 372 concerning the new regulation on sulphur emissions from maritime transport, the aim of this document is to present the methodology for calculating CO2 emissions generated by maritime transport in international trade. This methodology was used to obtain a preliminary estimate of emissions from a representative sample of exports from Latin America and the Caribbean. The sample was obtained from export tonnages from eight countries in 2017, and represents nearly 70% of total regional exports.…