Con base en el modelo del sistema de banda ancha desarrollado por los mismos autores en 2010 en su libro Acelerando la revolución digital, en el presente documento se analiza la evolución de esa tecnología en América Latina, se evalúan los efectos económicos de su expansión, se estudian las políticas públicas para su masificación y se discute el futuro del ecosistema. Las consideraciones de política se centran en los planes nacionales de universalización y el debate sobre la neutralidad de la red. El estudio de las tendencias recientes se focaliza en el avance de la computación en la nube y l…
The first chapter of the book provides elements for analysing the outlook for population ageing and its inclusion in the public agenda, drawing on the development proposal advanced by ECLAC. To that end, it examines the central theme of the document: equality and ageing. The concepts are presented and analysed, with particular emphasis on the challenges facing social protection and solidarity. Next, the book provides a demographic overview of the region, illustrating the main population trends in the years ahead. In particular, it describes the demographic window of opportunity presented by an…
This FAL Bulletin discusses the challenges involved in creating equality in urban mobility and the need to reach towards a social sustainability framework, as existing policies often accentuate current inequities and inequalities in accessibility. Lack of access to mobility has wide-ranging effects across social
groups, gender and particularly the urban poor.…
En este Boletín FAL se describen los problemas que se enfrentan para crear igualdad en la movilidad urbana y la necesidad de
lograr un marco de sostenibilidad social, dado que las políticas existentes suelen acentuar las inequidades y desigualdades actuales en materia de accesibilidad. La falta de acceso a la movilidad tiene distintos efectos según el grupo social y el género, particularmente entre los pobres de las zonas urbanas.…
Climate change affects the fundamental bases of good human health, which are clean air, safe drinking
water, sufficient food, and secure shelter. Climate change is known to impact health through three
climate dimensions: extreme heat, natural disasters, and infections and diseases. The temporal and
spatial climatic changes that will affect the biology and ecology of vectors and intermediate hosts are
likely to increase the risks of disease transmission. The greatest effect of climate change on disease
transmission is likely to be observed at the extremes of the range of temperatures at which
t…
There are significant, fundamental changes taking place in global air and sea surface temperatures and sea levels. The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change noted that many of the warmest years on the instrumental record of global surface temperatures have occurred within the last twelve years, i.e. 1995-2006 (IPCC, 2007). The Caribbean tourism product is particularly vulnerable to climate change. On the demand side, mitigation measures in other countries – for example, measures to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels – could have implications for airfares…
The main objective of the present study was to determine the value of impacts due to climate change on the agricultural sector in the Caribbean under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A2 and B2 scenarios. More specifically, the study aimed to evaluate the direction and magnitude of the potential impacts of climate change on aggregate agricultural output and other key agricultural indicators. Further, the study forecast changes in income for agricultural output for key subsectors under the A2 and B2 scenarios, from 2011 to 2050. It analysed the …
Climate change poses special challenges for Caribbean decision makers related to the uncertainties inherent in future climate projections and the complex linkages between climate change, physical and biological systems,
and socioeconomic sectors. At present, however, the Caribbean subregion lacks the adaptive capacity needed
to address these challenges.
The present report assesses the economic and social impacts of climate change on the coastal and
marine sector in the Caribbean until 2050. It aims both to provide Caribbean decision makers with cutting edge
information on the vulnerability to …
The present report assesses the economic and social impacts of climate change on the energy sector in Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Cuba, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Lucia, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago.
In the study, the Artificial Neural Network methodology was employed to model the relationship between climate change and energy demand. The viability of the actions proposed were assessed using cost benefit analyses based on models from the National Renewable Energy …
Waste management is one of the least recognized public policy issues in the Caribbean. Quite apart from the obvious physical unattractiveness of the business, waste management often competes with more pressing economic and social issues such as fiscal and trade matters, unemployment and poverty, education and health, and crime and security. Even within the domain of environmental sustainability, the management of waste has had to play second fiddle to more apparently manifest challenges such as land and coastal degradation, biodiversity loss, and climate change. Waste management, however, rema…
En este documento se examina la evolución de las economías de América Latina en 1990–2011, con el fin de identificar avances, pendientes y retrocesos asociados a las reformas de mercado que se aplicaron, en línea con el Consenso de Washington, y a las políticas económicas que le siguieron, apartándose de sus orientaciones. En el análisis se pone especial atención a tres aspectos: la expansión del producto, la innovación y la distribución del ingreso personal. El principal objetivo del trabajo es identificar las relaciones entre los patrones de crecimiento, los sistemas de innovación y los indi…
En el presente documento se describe un marco conceptual de las políticas de apoyo a las microempresas y las pequeñas y medianas empresas (mipymes) basado en una revisión detallada de obras teóricas y empíricas sobre este tema, poniendo un énfasis particular en los instrumentos de política que facilitan la inserción de este grupo de empresas en cadenas mundiales de valor y su internacionalización mediante diversos procesos de innovación tecnológica y modernización de las organizaciones. Los beneficios que obtienen las mipymes que participan en procesos de internacionalización son fruto de la r…
Este documento presenta un estudio comparado de las legislaciones y códigos sobre infancia en América Latina y el Caribe en cuanto fundamento jurídico para el establecimiento de Sistemas Nacionales de Protección Integral de la Infancia (SNPI) y como fuente para verificar los modelos de sistemas de protección actualmente existentes, las instituciones que lo componen y las funciones y competencias establecidas por esos marcos normativos. Se realiza además un análisis sobre el estado de establecimiento y puesta en funcionamiento de los SNPI conforme al mandato de la legislación nacional en cuatro…