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Guyana: Outgoing Chair of the CDCC
Acuerdo de Asociación entre Chile y la Unión Europea: evaluación del pilar comercial
La negociación del Acuerdo de Asociación entre Chile y la Unión Europea incluyó como uno de sus principales componentes el pilar comercial, puesto en vigencia en Febrero de 2003, y que significó una amplia liberalización del comercio entre ambos socios. Transcurridos poco más de una década desde su vigencia, se constata un significativo aumento del comercio bilateral, pues las exportaciones chilenas aumentaron a una tasa promedio anual del 11%, en tanto las de la Unión Europea hacia Chile se incrementaron en un 13% anual, manteniéndose una balanza comercial ampliamente favorable a Chile, que a…
Análisis de la reforma tributaria en el Ecuador, 2001-2012
La política tributaria en el Ecuador ha sufrido grandes transformaciones en la última década. El presente estudio aborda la óptica de la evolución impositiva en el caso ecuatoriano, detallando los efectos que estos cambios han tenido sobre la progresividad del sistema, los agregados macroeconómicos y sus links con los temas de desarrollo humano y pobreza. En detalle, se considera al período anterior al 2007 como la época antes de la reforma y cambios tributarios en Ecuador, y a los años subisguientes (2007 en adelante) como los años de reforma y posteriores a ésta. El estudio presenta como pri…
A regional reserve fund for Latin America
Strengthening the Latin American Reserve Fund (FLAR) by expanding its size and scope in order to encompass a larger number of countries of the region would significantly contribute to financial stability as a regional and global public good. This paper seeks to cast light on the viability, implications and challenges of expanding FLAR to another five countries in the region: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Paraguay. In our view, regional reserve funds are one of the mechanisms that contribute to a denser international financial architecture and help enhance its capacity to provide financi…
Lima Vision for a regional instrument on access rights relating to the environment
Visión de Lima para un instrumento regional sobre los derechos de acceso en materia ambiental
Towards diversification of the tourism sector: A recreational demand study of yachting and marina services in the Caribbean
Although tourism has been a major economic sector in the Car ibbean s ince the mid-1960s, the sector now faces significant challenges as competit ion intensif ies in the global tourism market. These challenges include environmental impacts, and the need for continued high levels of public investment in order to sustain the tourism product. The precariousness of the sector was made starkly evident with the onset of the global recession in 2009, when the sector recorded significant decline. Notwithstanding some limited recovery since that time, the recent experience highlighted the need for Cari…
Foreign direct investment in the Caribbean: Trends, determinants and policies
The Caribbean receives some of the highest levels of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the world, with many economies having FDI to GDP ratios above 10 per cent in 2012. In the recent past, FDI flows have been particularly volatile, with the financial crisis in 2008 greatly reducing FDI flows to the Caribbean, although they have recovered somewhat recently. One of the distinctive features of Caribbean FDI flows is that they appear to be relatively unprofitable, with FDI income significantly lower than in Latin America. This is possibly due to the sectoral pattern of FDI, which in most Caribbe…
Adaptation to climate change in megacities of Latin America: Regional Learning Network of the research project ClimateAdaptationSantiago (CAS)
The main objective of this publication is to document the current state of urban climate change adaptation practice in Latin America. It is a summary of the three workshops of the Regional Learning Network that was set up under the ClimateAdaptationSantiago project (CAS), encompassing six large Latin American cities (Bogotá, Buenos Aires, Lima, Mexico City, São Paulo and Santiago). It aims to synthesize information on the manifestations and impacts of climate change in those Latin American cities that participated in the network, and above all, governance in the form of concrete actions. The p…
An assessment of fiscal and regulatory barriers to deployment of energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies in Guyana
Guyana, like many CARICOM countries continues to depend on imported oil that fuels the electricity and transport sectors. Simultaneously, the high level of expenditure on oil reduces the financial resources available to invest in social development, environmental protection, adaptation to climate change and improving food security. The electricity sector in Guyana, in particular, offers significant opportunities for achieving reductions in fossil imports. However, fiscal and regulatory barriers to energy efficiency and renewable energy use are apparent in Guyana. This document seeks to identif…
Caribbean forum: Shaping a sustainable development agenda to address the Caribbean reality in the twenty-first century
Twelve years into the 21st Century, Caribbean countries continue to face considerable challenges on their path towards sustainable development and the creation of a post-2015 agenda. These include redefining their niche in the global market place in line with significant shifts in global production systems and trade, recovering from burdensome fiscal deficits and coping with climate change and the negative effects of more frequent natural disasters. In some countries poverty levels are increasing after years of decline. Most have defined a vision for development into the next 20 years, but in …
Energy efficiency in Latin America and the Caribbean: Progress and challenges of the past five years. Executive summary
The present document analyses the progress of national programmes and activities associated with the promotion and development of energy efficiency between the years 2008 and 2013 in the 27 Latin American and the Caribbean member countries of the Latin American Energy Organization (OLADE). The new study is based on the original report —prepared by ECLAC and OLADE between July 2008 and July 20091— taking into consideration any progress made over the past four to five years, an interval long enough to justify an update both of the current status of energy efficiency and its prospects, developmen…
Information and communication technologies for disaster risk management in the Caribbean
This paper examines the role of information and communications technologies (ICTs) for disaster risk management (DRM) with a specific focus on the Caribbean. The study included the review of literature and case studies, as well the administration of a survey instrument that collected the feedback of 13 regional national DRM agencies. Analysis of the survey suggests that while subregional disaster management agencies have fairly good access to technology infrastructure and enjoy an information sharing culture, challenges exist with regard to the information governance frameworks as well as the …