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Major statistical publications- abstracts. Vol X 2009
Brazil's emergence at the regional export leader in services: a case specialization in business services
Brazil has been the most dynamic country of Latin America and the Caribbean in global services trade in the 1990s and 2000s, but compared to other emerging economies elsewhere it is outperformed by China and India. Brazil's rising share in global services trade reflects mostly its increase in the world trade of other services, which include all services except transport and tourism. Brazilian exports of other services are concentrated in architecturalengineering and real estate services. In terms of destinations, the US market accounts for about one half and the European Union…
Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean 2008
In 2008, inward foreign direct investment (FDI) in Latin America and the Caribbean rose to a new record high despite slowing with respect to the previous year, and the region's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) reached its second highest level ever. Considering the economic and financial turmoil of the times, these results are surprisingly positive, but caution needs to be exercised in their interpretation. Many of the investments carried out in 2008 reflected the inertia effects of pre-crisis market trends, and capital flows in 2009 are in fact expected to fall, as discussed in ch…
The Latin American development problem
By international standards, gross domestic product (GDP); per capita in Latin America is low - around one fifth of that of the United States. Moreover, in the last five decades, Latin America has failed to catch-up in wealth to the level of the United States while other countries at similar or even lower stages of development have been successful. The failure to attain higher levels of relative income represents what I call the development problem of Latin America. Using a variety of data, I find that the bulk of the difference in GDP per capita between Latin America and the United States is e…
Policy brief: biotechnology with special reference to the Caribbean
The biotechnology movement in the Caribbean is a fledgling industry that has tremendous potential for development. It focuses on the use of fermentation and enzyme technologies, tissue culture and recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology and is more greatly applied to plant varieties rather than animal species. Tissue culture is by far the most developed type of technology but increasing attention is being paid to rDNA technology. Main areas include application in the agriculture sector but the use in medicine and biology are also being promoted. In its purest form, the term biotechnology …
A new generation of standards: implications for the Caribbean and Latin America
International trade in food products has expanded significantly during the past few decades. These products include fresh and processed fruits and vegetables, fish, live animals and meat, nuts, and spices. However, international trade of these products is subject to a huge array of standards and regulations imposing potentially large compliance costs to many developing country suppliers.Standards and regulations apply to both the products themselves and the processes by which they are processed, handled, packed, etc. and respond to health concerns, consumer preferences and strategic commercial…
Structural change and productivity growth 20 years later: old problems, new opportunities. Summary
IntroductionNearly 20 years ago, ECLAC put forward a proposal for structural change and productivity growth with social equity. At the time, the countries of the region were emerging from the severe crisis of the 1980s, with all its associated difficulties in terms of internal stabilization and external adjustment, and heading into a decade of structural reform which heeded the call of the Washington Consensus. In the midst of perplexity and pessimism regarding the region's prospects, ECLAC espoused a view of the situation that ran counter to the orthodox line of thought that marked econo…
Foreign Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean 2007
Latin America and the Caribbean received record levels of foreign direct investment (FDI) in 2007, with inflows surpassing the US$ 100 billion mark for the first time ever. This development is all the more significant because the previous record was set in 1999 in the context of one-off privatizations. The upsurge in investment was fuelled mainly by market-seeking transnational corporations (TNCs) intent on taking advantage of growth in local demand for goods and services and by natural-resource-seeking companies against a backdrop of buoyant global demand. Meanwhile, despite lower levels of o…
Structural change and productivity growth, 20 years later: old problems, new opportunities
IntroductionNearly 20 years ago, ECLAC put forward a proposal for structural change and productivity growth with social equity. At the time, the countries of the region were emerging from the severe crisis of the 1980s, with all its associated difficulties in terms of internal stabilization and external adjustment, and headed into a decade of structural reform which heeded the call of the Washington Consensus. In the midst of perplexity and pessimism regarding the region's prospects, ECLAC espoused a view of the situation that ran counter to the extremely orthodox line of thought that mar…
Development of technological capabilities in an extremely volatile economy. The industrial sector in Argentina
The goal of this paper is to analyse the main characteristics of Argentine manufacturing industry and the development phases (going back more than a century);, especially, to concentrate on its structural features during the 1980s and on the changes that have occurred since the Convertibility Plan was introduced - between 1991 and 2001 -, the most recent transformations between 2002 and 2006 and, finally, in the last section we analyze the possibilities of strengthening the development of competitiveness and the ways to industrial development.Argentina's industrialization started off in t…
Foreign Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean 2006
In 2006, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to Latin America and the Caribbean (excluding the main financial centres) continued their upward trend, reaching over US$ 72 billion, for an increase of 1.5% over 2005. At the same, however, the region's share of global FDI inflows declined, as flows increased more rapidly in other parts of the world. The situation with respect to FDI outflows in 2006 was quite different, as outward FDI (OFDI) from Latin American and Caribbean countries jumped by 115% to about US$ 41 billion, expanding faster than in the rest of the world. The main message …
ICT in the Caribbean
The Regional Coordination Mechanism for the Implementation of the Mauritius Strategy
Foreign Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean 2005
Abstract In 2005, foreign direct investment inflows to Latin America and the Caribbean (not including financial centres) amounted to over US$ 68 billion, almost 11% more than in 2004. These inflows greatly exceed the figures recorded between 2001 and 2003, but they still fall short of the volumes observed during the FDI boom of the late 1990s. The region also continues to see its share in world flows decline, which suggests that it has yet to realize its true potential for attracting such investment. This is at least a two-fold problem. On the one hand, the region has certain policy-relate…
ECLAC Launches the Caribbean Knowledge Management Centre
Information and communications technology in the Caribbean: Stocktaking report
The millennium development goals: a Latin American and Caribbean perspective
Foreword In September 2000, 147 heads of State and Government, together with 42 ministers and heads of delegation, gathered at the General Assembly of the United Nations to explore ways of pooling their combined will and efforts to revitalize international cooperation on behalf of the less developed countries and, in particular, to mount a frontal assault on extreme poverty. On that occasion they identified goals for their efforts to combat poverty and hunger, reverse environmental degradation, achieve improvements in the fields of education and health, and promote gender equality.…
