Following a five-year period during which economic and social performance in Latin America
and the Caribbean surpassed anything seen in recent decades, the global economic
and financial crisis not only hurt macroeconomic variables but also impacted heavily
on labour markets in the region’s countries. Between 2003 and 2008 employment rates
had risen considerably, especially in the formal sector, but the crisis spelled a reversal of
this trend.
Nevertheless, the region was better prepared than it had been in previous crises,
since it had achieved a sound fiscal footing, a good level of internati…
Tras un período de cinco años durante el cual América Latina y el Caribe registró un desempeño económico y social sin precedentes en las últimas décadas, sobrevino una crisis económica y financiera global que no solo afectó las variables macroeconómicas, sino que también tuvo un marcado impacto en los mercados laborales de los países de la región. En efecto, mientras que entre 2003 y 2008 las tasas de ocupación en general, y especialmente los niveles de empleo formal, registraron significativos incrementos acompañados de un descenso de la tasa de desempleo regional, la crisis puso marcha atrás…
La edición de 2009 del Panorama social de América Latina vincula las dinámicas de pobreza y distribución del ingreso con los sistemas de protección social, poniendo especial atención en cómo estos sistemas responden al impacto social de la actual crisis y sus proyecciones en el mediano y largo plazo. En este marco se presta especial atención al impacto de las transferencias públicas, la dinámica del gasto social, los mecanismos de reproducción de la vulnerabilidad social y los cambios en las relaciones de género y generación. Estos cambios plantean desafíos significativos en la combinación del…
El aumento sostenido de la inserción laboral de las mujeres es uno de los factores más destacados de la evolución reciente de los mercados de trabajo. Entre los sectores que han abierto oportunidades de empleo para las mujeres se destaca el de los servicios financieros, con intensa utilización de mano de obra femenina, elevada productividad, demanda de alto nivel educativo, uso y desarrollo de tecnologías de la información y de las comunicaciones y nuevas modalidades de gestión y organización del trabajo. Sumadas al hecho de que es un sector que pone de manifiesto los nuevos desafíos de la glo…
This 2007-2008 edition of the Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean comes 60 years after the first session of ECLAC, when the Executive Secretary of the Commission was mandated by the United Nations Economic and Social Council and the countries attending the session to undertake the collection, evaluation and dissemination of [...] economic, technological and statistical information on the region with a view to preparing an economic survey of Latin America . The first report drawn up in fulfillment of that mandate was seen as a first step in what was already…
Con la presente edición del Estudio económico de América Latina y el Caribe 2007-2008, se cumplen 60 años desde que el Secretario Ejecutivo de la CEPAL recibiera el mandato del Consejo Económico y Social de las Naciones Unidas y de los países que asistieron al primer período de sesiones de la Comisión para que esta emprendiera la compilación, evaluación y difusión de informaciones económicas, técnicas y estadísticas de la región, con el objeto de elaborar un estudio económico de América Latina . El estudio preparado en virtud de aquel mandato se consideró un primer paso en lo que ya…
General trends of the recent evolutionEconomic activity in the Central American Isthmus 1 and the Dominican Republic in 2007 expanded 7.1%, four tenths less than in 2006. Thus, the economic growth of the subregion 2 was one and a half percentage points greater than the registered average of Latin America and the Caribbean. In terms of GDP per capita, growth was 5%. This performance represents a continuation of the expansionary phase of the economic cycle that began in 2004, characterized by an improvement in the majority of the economic and social indicators and linked to the positive evolutio…
La Unidad de Desarrollo Agrícola de la Sede Subregional en México de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) ha reunido en el presente volumen información básica (1990-2005) sobre el sector agropecuario de los países que contemplan sus estudios: Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haití, Honduras, México, Nicaragua, Panamá y la República Dominicana. Con la difusión de este material se procura dar respuesta a la demanda de información, con lo que la CEPAL suma su esfuerzo a otros regionales y de instituciones internacionales, así como facilitar datos re…
In the second quarter of 2006, a hearty dose of volatility returned to financial markets. During May and June, uncertainty towards the global economic outlook amid rising interest rates prompted investors to abandon riskier markets around the world. Stocks in emerging markets plummeted as a result, while bond spreads widened. The May-June turbulence was the first test of the progress achieved by emerging market countries in strengthening economic fundamentals and reducing the burden of foreign debt. Emerging markets rebounded after volatility subsided, with stocks recovering much of their earl…
Asset prices in emerging markets rallied to record highs in the first quarter of 2006, with bonds and equities posting strong performances on top of already remarkable 2005 gains. Spreads on dollar-denominated bonds issued by Latin American borrowers tightened by 68 basis points in the first quarter of the year, according to the Latin component of J.P. Morgan's EMBI+ index, while the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) for Latin America, an indicator of stocks' performance, increased by 15%. Emerging and Latin American markets continued to be supported by active debt managem…
This document was prepared by the Economic Projections Centre, under the supervision of Hubert Escaith, Director of the Statistics and Economic Projections Division of the ECLAC. André Hofman, Chief of the Economic Projections Centre (ECP), was in charge of technical coordination and for conducting the study. The assistance of the national and subregional offices and of the ECLAC Economic Development Division was much appreciated. The views expressed in this document, which have not been formally edited, are the sole responsibility of the working group and do not necessarily reflect the vi…
Emerging market bond spreads tightened to record low levels in 2005, as a result of the search for yield in face of ample global liquidity and improving fundamentals in emerging market countries. According to J.P. Morgan, most of the EMBI Global's 8.96% total return in 2005 was derived from spread tightening, which totaled 110 basis points in 2005. The EMBI+ spreads tightened 111 basis points and its Latin component tightened 137 basis points in 2005. Emerging and Latin American markets were also supported by active debt management, as countries took advantage of the favorable external en…
The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the gender and social disparities existing in the
agricultural and rural sector in Caribbean economies. In this context, agricultural transformation as
occasioned by the dismantling of preferential trading arrangements is analysed to identify the most
relevant gender discriminatory measures in the current agricultural development policy and
programmes. The analysis seeks to provide the basis for enhancing understanding among policy
makers, planners and rural development practitioners of the gender and social dimension involved
in the formulati…
In 2005, abundant global liquidity, as well as low bond yields and flat yield curves, encouraged investors to seek higher returns in emerging markets, compressing credit spreads and helping borrowers to increase new bond issuance and engage in liability management. Investors were also encouraged by improving credit quality in emerging markets, pouring record amounts of money in mutual funds specializing in emerging market nations, helping to raise the total private capital flowing to those countries to unprecedented highs. Against this backdrop, spreads reached record low levels (below pre-As…
Latin American markets entered 2005 with impetus, as the favorable environment for capital inflows at the end of 2004 persisted in the beginning of the year. However, investors' sentiment deteriorated as the first quarter progressed, and concerns about economic conditions (including rising interest rates in the United States and lower liquidity in global markets) increased. In February, Fitch, the credit rating agency, released a report warning that a combination of slowing global growth and higher-than-anticipated U.S. interest rates would lead to a less favorable environment for emergin…
Las actividades del sector financiero en Uruguay en los últimos años han significado un notable aporte al Producto Interno Bruto y a la generación de empleo formal y estable, sobre todo femenino. Pese a esto subsisten desigualdades entre mujeres y hombres.
El desarrollo del sector financiero en Uruguay ha acompañado las transformaciones del conjunto de la economía del país: ha sido afectado por serias crisis y a su vez su desempeño ha impactado al resto de los sectores de la actividad económica, y a la sociedad toda.
El desatascado papel del sector en la generación de empleo se da tanto en t…
Mediante este documento se procura dar respuesta a la continua demanda de información comparable, confiable y de calidad. Los datos expuestos se presentan en series cronológicas estandarizadas y revisadas para que se pueda llevar a cabo el análisis de las tendencias del sector.El documento contiene información relacionada con la producción, el consumo y el comercio de los subsectores agrícola, pecuario, pesquero y forestal. Además, y para posibilitar una evaluación completa del sector agropecuario, se proporciona información detallada sobre el PIB global de cada país, el PIB agropecuar…
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