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81 search results. Displaying 20 per page.

Nearshoring in Mexico: diverse options for industrial upgrading

7 February 2025 | Publication

Mexico has been a “nearshoring” platform for the United States (U.S.) economy on a regular basis in recent decades. However, the nature and degree of Mexico’s integration within North America, as well as its ability to create and capture value and innovation rents in its core domestic industries, have varied over time. Previous examples of nearshoring in Mexico in the automotive and textile and apparel industries, we well as regional trade agreements like NAFTA and USMCA and global trade conflicts such as the U.S.-China trade war, have made Mexico a likely candidate to take advantage of recen…

Inequality in Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean: Gap analysis and overcoming strategies. Volume 1

18 April 2024 | Publication

In this book, those who search for an equitable and sustainable future will find a valuable collection of methodological proposals, case analyses and recommendations for varied aspects of development. This book is an indispensable tool for decision-makers, researchers, development professionals and anyone interested in inequality issues. When diving into its pages, readers will discover a comprehensive approach based on evidence and endorsed by the experience and knowledge of experts. The book addresses topics ranging from poverty and income inequality to social protection, agriculture, energy…

Inequality in Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean: Gap analysis and overcoming strategies. Volume 2

18 April 2024 | Publication

International Policy Lessons: Integrated Report

7 September 2023 | Publication

As part of the activities of the Joint Program “Support for the development of an Integrated National Financing Framework for SDGs in Cuba” (CIFFRA), a comprehensive review of international policy lessons was carried out in four development financing key areas: (i) export promotion; (ii) attraction and channeling of foreign direct investment (FDI); (iii) promotion of science, technology and innovation (STI); and (iv) governance and public investment. Five reports were drawn up and two compilations with 11 case studies on policies to promote exports and attract FDI by international consultants.…

CIFFRA: methodological summary

1 September 2023 | Publication

The Joint Program “Support for the development of an Integrated National Framework for Financing the SDGs in Cuba” or CIFFRA is part of the more than 70 international experiences promoted by the United Nations system to finance the 2030 Agenda. The implementation of CIFFRA required a process of learning, assimilation, and innovation, given the peculiarities of the Cuban economy and the realization of the project in the midst of the crisis caused by COVID-19. This report describes in detail the process followed to carry out the project, summarizing the key milestones, lessons, challenges, and c…

Income distribution and wealth: new conceptual and methodological approaches. Summary

14 March 2023 | Publication

This study analyses how value from labour (intellectual and manual) and natural resources (which also provide value) is created (gross national product), allocated (national income), distributed (disposable income), used (expenses and savings) and accumulated (wealth) in society. Instead of measuring subjective welfare inequality (happiness) through consumption, this study analyses how the value created by labour and natural resources is distributed. The purpose is to study inequality in the distribution of the value created in the economy. Although capabilities and freedom are essential, this…

Science, technology and innovation for sustainable development: Lessons from the Caribbean’s energy transition

29 December 2022 | Publication

Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) is important in advancing sustainable development across the globe. One approach available to countries to promote their sustainable development agendas is the advancement of STI to support the adoption of renewable energy technologies. The continued reliance on fossil fuels in the Caribbean is one of the factors hindering the rate at which countries within the subregion are developing. Taking this into account, this study assesses whether the advancement of STI is driving the energy transition in the Caribbean subregion and draws lessons on how STI can…

Economic development patterns in the six nations of Central America (1950–2018): Executive summary

6 October 2022 | Publication

This publication presents an overview of the history of growth and structural transformations in the six Central American countries between the mid-20th century and the end of the 2010s. The authors identify lights and shadows in the historical experience of countries to illuminate reflection on future development strategies and policies. The analysis is based in the historical-structural approach of Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), whose purpose is to examine the movement in the national productive and social structures over time, considering the endowment of r…

Module for the Analysis of Growth in International Commerce (MAGIC): User Guide

18 November 2021 | Publication

This guide describes the main characteristics ofthe new Module far the Analysis of Growth in lnternational Commerce (MAGIC), developed by the subregional headquarters of the Economic Commission far Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) in Mexico City. The fi rst part describes MAGIC's development and its main characteristics, as well as the technical requirements far using the software. A second part describes each of the new modules the MAGIC comprises, its functions and the parameters required befare consulting it. lt also includes an exercise far interpreting the data and indicators …

The Eurasian Economic Union & Latin America and the Caribbean: A Transcontinental Partnership

29 October 2021 | Publication

Establishing relations between the EAEU and LAC regions has been neither simple nor swift, but rather has resembled a tangled movement in search of mutual interests and sustainable communication. Sharing the adherence to the principles of inclusive and sustainable growth and mutually beneficial multilateral cooperation, the two regions have faced challenges in an attempt to leverage the potential of entrepreneurial, social and political contacts, primarily due to geographical remoteness and diverse historical background. Nevertheless, the common difficulties and the multifaceted strengths of t…

Revisiting constant market share analysis: An exercise applied to NAFTA

28 July 2021 | Publication

This article proposes a new formulation of constant market share (CMS) trade analysis inspired by the statistical principles supporting revealed comparative advantages (RCA). This novel approach is methodologically consistent and rooted in information theory. It also avoids the discrete-form residuals that plague traditional CMS analysis, while remaining simple to compute. The new “comparative market share analysis decomposition” (CMSD) is applied to the changes in the structure and origin of United States imports after the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). It …

Tourism in Central America and the Dominican Republic in the face of digital technologies: Challenges and opportunities for MSMEs

15 July 2021 | Publication

Tourism micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) recognize the importance of digital tools to attract tourists, showcase the company and sell products and services. However, they make basic use of these tools to communicate and promote the company, missing opportunities to improve their competitiveness, productivity and sustainability. This study analyses the state of the digital transformation of tourism MSMEs in the member States of the Central American Integration System (SICA), both their internal capacities and external conditions that affect their ability to innovate. The study …

Absolute convergence in manufacturing labour productivity in Mexico, 1993–2018: A spatial econometrics analysis at the state and municipal level

11 December 2020 | Publication

This paper examines absolute manufacturing labour productivity convergence across Mexican states and municipalities between 1993 and 2018, using census data and employing spatial econometric techniques. It applies a novel approach (spatial econometrics and disaggregation at the municipal level) to show that there is absolute convergence in manufacturing productivity at both the state and municipal levels. The results show that there are significant productivity spillovers among states and municipalities; that is, high-level productivity states or municipalities have positive impacts on the pro…

Fostering investment of the family remittances in value chains : Case studies in the Dominican Republic, El Salvador and Guatemala

31 August 2020 | Publication

Family remittances represent an important source of resources and external financing for many Latin American and Caribbean countries, helping greatly to reduce poverty, increase private consumption, and boost national economic growth, among other things. Although a large share of remittances are intended to cover basic needs, such as food, health care and housing, some of them could be used to finance income-generating activities. This document summarizes the main findings of the technical collaboration project carried out by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)…

Designing Strategies to Promote Investment of Family Remittances in Value Chains: A Toolkit

24 July 2020 | Publication

The purpose of this toolkit is to summarize the steps and activities used in the analysis and formulation of public policies to foster investment of family remittances in value chains, underpinned by greater financial inclusion, with the aim of facilitating their replication in other countries and other chains.…

A glance at member countries of the Mesoamerica Integration and Development Project

22 August 2019 | Publication

This document is a contribution of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) to the information collection and the deliberations of the “XVII Summit of Heads of State and Government of the Tuxtla Mechanism of Dialogue and Cooperation.” ECLAC, as a member of the Interinstitutional Technical Group, ratifies its commitment with regional integration. Furthermore, this third edition of the document “A glance at member countries of the Mesoamerica Integration and Development Project” (2012 and 2015), underlines its support for the integration and development activities carr…

Distributional impacts of low for long interest rates

18 July 2019 | Publication

This paper asks whether tepid inflation in Canada since the financial crisis can in part be explained by the effects of monetary policy on inequality. Using different structural vector autoregression models we show that expansionary monetary policy post-crisis has offset otherwise falling inequality through the shifting of resources away from lower-income individuals, which in general have higher marginal propensities to consume. As a result, aggregate demand has not risen as much as it otherwise would have, leading to a more muted inflationary response. Our results suggest that failure to acc…

Decentralized provision of education: Methodological suggestions for analysis, with application to Mexico

9 January 2019 | Publication

A large part of disparities in Latin America derive from inequalities of opportunities in access and continuation to education. Public support to education is crucial to reduce personal and territorial inequalities,because talent is not linked to the socio-economic status and/or to the residence of families, while access to education is. Decentralization is credited to be a crucial component of an improving education national strategy. At the same time, decentralization of education, when not properly structured, can simply shift the same old problems to levels of government less capable of so…

Climate Change in Central America: Potential Impacts and Public Policy Options

30 August 2018 | Publication

Since 2008 we have supported the collaborative initiative Economics of Climate Change in Central America aimed at demonstrating the impacts of climate variability and change and fostering a discussion on public policies in key sectors. The initiative has been led by the Ministries of Environment and Treasury or Finance of Central America, with the support of their ministerial councils, CCAD, COSEFIN, and Economic Integration Secretariat, SIECA. The Ministries of Agriculture and of Health, with their councils, CAC and COMISCA, have also joined the effort; and the Dominican Republic …

Trumping the NAFTA renegotiation An alternative policy framework for Mexican-United States cooperation and economic convergence

1 November 2017 | Publication

The effects of globalization and regional integration have not worked well for many Americans and Mexicans. The objective of this document is to assess the proposals of the Trump administration for revising NAFTA, the responses of the Mexican government, and progressive alternatives to both. Therefore, this paper will address what kind of economic policies are needed to achieve more inclusive and sustainable growth in both Mexico and the United States, given their current degree of integration and the changing character of global production and technology.…