El boletín Heterogeneidad y políticas públicas. Una mirada hacia la digitalización en el sector agrícola en América Latina y el Caribe que es parte del Mecanismo Regional para el Desarrollo en Transición de la Unión Europea: Agricultura 4.0 que implementa CEPAL, se elaboró con el fin de abordar las diferencias —geográficas, poblacionales, económicas e institucionales— tanto entre países de la región, como al interior de estos, que condicionan el desarrollo de la infraestructura de telecomunicaciones y las posibilidades de capacitación de la población en el uso de tecnologías digita…
The Division for Gender Affairs of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) participated in the panel Fair tax systems to finance care , in the meeting For a fiscal pact to sustain life in Latin America and the Caribbean: Towards an inclusive, equitable and transparent taxation . This activity was part of the side events organized by civil society in the context of the First Ministerial Summit of Latin America and the Caribbean for an inclusive, sustainable and equitable Global Tax Order.…
La División de Asuntos de Género de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) participó en el panel Sistemas tributarios justos para financiar el cuidado , en encuentro “Por un pacto fiscal para sostener la vida en América Latina y el Caribe: Hacia una tributación inclusiva, equitativa y transparente”. Esta actividad formó parte de los eventos paralelos organizados por la sociedad civil en el marco de la Primera Cumbre Ministerial de Latinoamérica y el Caribe para una Tributación Global incluyente, sostenible y equitativa.…
Addressing the needs of older persons poses public-policy challenges. The obstacles that the poorest older persons face in securing their livelihoods, compounded by physiological and metabolic changes and the presence of chronic diseases, make them more vulnerable. This study evaluates the impact of the Continuous Benefit Programme (BPC) on the nutritional status and food security levels of older persons in Brazil, using a fuzzy regression discontinuity design with microdata drawn from the 2017–2018 Consumer Expenditure Survey (POF). On average, participation in the programme is found to incre…
In Latin America, “islands of modernity” associated with a new biological and digital paradigm in the exploitation of natural resources and the production of services and manufactures coexist with vast segments of the population mired in insecurity, poverty, stagnation and social exclusion. This structural dualism reflects a growing gap between a modern segment of society that emulates the behaviour patterns of developed nations and a segment that lags behind, in which labour informality, basic material deprivations and rising citizen insecurity predominate. The lack of an appropriate theory o…
We compare the effects of labour market shocks and social policy responses on people’s welfare following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay. We assess the role of formal and informal sector labour incomes and social transfers in the changes observed in the distribution of income and welfare. We worked with harmonized household survey microdata and performed a microdecomposition analysis by income source. In all four countries, the loss of earnings was the main mechanism behind the loss of income, and developments in the informal sector were crucial in…
This article analyses recent changes in social and solidarity economy (SSE) policies in eight Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico and Uruguay. It outlines the institutional rules that limited or added to States’ policymaking capacity, as well as examining progress on legislation and regulations and changes in specialized institutional frameworks. The information was obtained through an extensive review of documents and databases produced by government and academic institutions and social and solidarity economy organizations. The conclusion …
We take more than a million student evaluations of almost 200,000 professors from the RateMyProfessors website and link them with information on the research productivity of almost 3,000 professors in Google Scholar to provide a systematic characterization of the relationship between student evaluations and the characteristics of the classes, universities and professors concerned and to test whether students’ appreciations are conditionally related to research productivity. The study concludes that although how “easy” and “interesting” students consider a course to be are the most important de…
How economic growth can be improved is a question that has always divided researchers, but it is one of the utmost importance, bearing directly on prosperity, quality of life and human well-being. The research presented here is an experimental review whose purpose is to evaluate the causal effects that the erosion of economic freedom has had on the economic growth rate, corruption, democracy, the transparency of laws, media censorship and judicial constraints in 19 Latin American countries during the twenty-first century. The results show that for each percentage point erosion of economic free…
This paper analyses the economic and social impact of a State aid programme designed to incentivize the development of the border provinces of the Dominican Republic. The intervention method chosen was based on tax exemptions, creating a possible tension between the objective of territorial cohesion and that of upholding market competition. In the competition sphere, the study analyses whether the law had the effect of increasing the market power of beneficiary companies. In the social sphere, it establishes a criterion of regional similarity and compares the evolution of the border provinces …
This study proposes using optimum currency areas (OCA) as a theoretical basis for analysis of the full dollarization of Ecuador, viewing the country and the United States as an informal monetary union. At least two facets of this are of interest: (i) the convergence properties of inflation rates between Ecuador and the United States; and (ii) the degree of vulnerability of the Ecuadorian economy to changes in United States monetary policy. Unit roots and stationarity tests are used to study inflation rate convergence, structural vector autoregressive models are used to examine the Ecuadorian e…
This article analyses Raúl Prebisch’s earliest activities while still a young student at the University of Buenos Aires, between 1918 and 1922. One of these activities was the translation of texts by foreign economists for the university’s Revista de Ciencias Económicas, contributing to the dissemination of ideas in Argentina. We analyse Prebisch’s 1919 translation of Adolph Wagner and find indications that he modified the text, firstly by selecting for translation excerpts critical of the idea that free trade was automatically beneficial to all nations, secondly by omitting Wagner’s defence o…
Health satellite accounts provide information to elucidate the interaction between the health sector and the rest of the economy. However, in Brazil these accounts have gaps, such as a lack of data on gross fixed capital formation. The aim of this article is to present a methodology to measure gross fixed capital formation in the health sector in 2010–2019 and to analyse the data thus obtained. The results show that gross fixed capital formation in the health sector is biased towards machinery and equipment rather than construction. The share of private investment increased throughout the peri…
Artificial intelligence (AI) can contribute greatly to transforming development models in Latin America and the Caribbean to make them more productive, inclusive and sustainable, but reflection, a strategic vision, regulation, and regional and multilateral coordination are needed to harness its opportunities and minimize its potential threats, according to the authorities and specialists attending the launch of the first Latin American Artificial Intelligence Index at ECLAC today.
The event entitled AI for Sustainable Development in Latin America took place at the headquarters of the Economic …
La inteligencia artificial (IA) puede contribuir enormemente a la transformación de los modelos de desarrollo en América Latina y el Caribe para hacerlos más productivos, inclusivos y sostenibles, pero, para aprovechar sus oportunidades y minimizar sus potenciales amenazas, se requiere reflexión, visión estratégica, regulación y coordinación regional y multilateral, plantearon autoridades y especialistas durante el lanzamiento del primer Índice Latinoamericano de Inteligencia Artificial (ILIA) en la CEPAL.
El evento titulado IA para el desarrollo sostenible de América Latina tuvo lugar en la s…
A inteligência artificial (IA) pode contribuir enormemente para a transformação dos modelos de desenvolvimento na América Latina e no Caribe a fim de torná-los mais produtivos, inclusivos e sustentáveis; porém, para aproveitar suas oportunidades e minimizar suas potenciais ameaças, é preciso reflexão, visão estratégica, regulamentação e coordenação regional e multilateral, afirmaram autoridades e especialistas durante o lançamento do primeiro Índice Latino-Americano de Inteligência Artificial (ILIA) na CEPAL.
O evento intitulado IA para o desenvolvimento sustentável da América Latina teve luga…