This edition of the FAL Bulletin deals with maritime transport in the Caribbean and focuses on structural changes in liner shipping and its impact on ports and transhipment in the Caribbean. The article has been written by Dr. Gustaaf de Monie of Policy Research Corporation N.V., Antwerp, Belgium, and is based on the study Caribbean Ports Scan , which is about to be published by Policy Research Corporation (Fax 32-3-2869496). The opinions expressed in this article are of the author and may not necessarily coincide with the views of ECLAC. The main purpose of this edition is to enc…
Esta edición del Boletín FAL aborda el transporte marítimo en el Caribe y se concentra en los cambios estructurales en las líneas navieras y su impacto en los puertos y el transbordo en el Caribe.Este artículo ha sido preparado por Gustaaf de Monie de Policy Research Corporation N.V., Amberes, Bélgica, y se basa en el estudio titulado Caribbean Ports Scan , que próximamente será publicado por Policy Research Corporation (Fax +32-3 286 9496). Las opiniones expresadas en este artículo son del autor y pueden necesariamente no coincidir con las de la CEPAL. El principal propósito de est…
Summary
This document outlines the recent economic performance of the Caribbean countries and some of the salient issues and problems confronting policy making at this time. A discussion on trading relationships and the prospects facing the Caribbean in the changing regional and world environment follows. The Lome Convention, bananas, the Sugar protocol, the state of the Caribbean Community, CARIBCAN and the CBI are examined in this section. Challenges facing state reform, such as poverty, social services and the financial system are highlighted.…
Now that the neoliberal economic model, which is still in force as Latin America prepares to see out the milennium, has completed a number of years of application, it is becoming increasingly desirable to assess the experience gathered so far. Economists are busily engaged in this task by breaking down and analysing the various characteristics and components of the programmes applied in the different countries. An aspect which is often overlooked in these assessments, however, is the social and political viability of the measures adopted, which does not depend solely on their technical qualiti…
Cuando el modelo económico neoliberal, con cuya vigencia expira el milenio en América Latina, cumple ya algunos años de aplicación, se hace más oportuno evaluar la experiencia acumulada hasta la fecha. A esta tarea se abocan los economistas, desgranando y analizando las diversas características y componentes de los programas aplicados en los distintos países. Un aspecto a menudo descuidado en tales evaluaciones es el de la viabilidad social y política de las medidas adoptadas, que no depende sólo de la valoración técnica de ellas. La aceptación de tales medidas por los diversos sectores de la …
América Latina está viviendo un viraje estratégico de vastas proyecciones: desde un desarrollo hacia adentro con fuerte injerencia estatal en la producción y en el sistema de precios, a una estrategia de desarrollo hacia afuera bajo el imperio de un mercado libre, con el sector privado como agente protagónico. Este trabajo analiza las siete principales reformas asociadas a esta estrategia neoliberal. Concluye que cada una de ellas podría ser conveniente si fuese bien implementada, pero que en los hechos las más exitosas han sido la reforma tributaria, la apertura comercial, la reforma del sist…
This article deals with various aspects relating to social investment funds, especially their financing, the sustainability of the resulting projects, and the role of funds vis-à-vis ministries and the political authorities. The links between such funds and non-governmental organizations and the role played by external cooperation are also examined. Social investment funds were set up in order to relieve poverty and soften the effects of the adjustment policies of the 1980s. They have proved to be effective means of channelling flows of external finance and ensuring that they result in concret…
En este artículo se examinan diversos aspectos relacionados con los fondos de inversión social, en especial aquéllos de su financiamiento y la sustentabilidad de los proyectos resultantes, y el papel de los fondos en relación con los ministerios y la autoridad política. También se examina la vinculación entre los fondos y las organizaciones no gubernamentales y el papel que desempeña la cooperación externa. Los fondos de inversión social se crearon para mitigar la pobreza y aminorar los efectos de las políticas de ajuste de los años ochenta. Han demostrado ser mecanismos eficaces para canaliza…
The author describes the neoclassical restoration, which, from the 1970s onwards, took a radical approach to the search for a theory of development by attempting to fuse the particular characteristics of developing economies with the central ideas of economic theory. Intervention with the aim of furthering development was perceived not as a solution but as part of the problem, and adjustment programmes were oriented not so much towards correcting imbalances as towards establishing an economic structure close to neoclassical precepts. Several East Asian economies were chosen as examples of the …
El autor caracteriza la restauración neoclásica que, a partir de los años setenta, confrontó radicalmente la posibilidad de una teoría del desarrollo, al buscar disolver las especificidades de las economías en desarrollo en la unidad de las ideas centrales de la teoría económica. Las intervenciones dirigidas a favorecer el desarrollo se conceptualizaron, no como solución, sino como parte del problema. Por otra parte, más que a corregir desequilibrios, los programas de ajuste apuntaron a la configuración de una economía cercana a las prescripciones neoclásicas. Se eligió a varias economías del …
This article looks at the benefits that Panama could derive from its possible integration with the countries of the Central American Common Market (CACM);. First of all, Panama's production structure is analysed in terms of the phenomenon known as the Dutch disease : this reveals the de-industrializing effect that the booms in the services sector have had on the economy. An examination is then made of the advantages that Panama could derive from gradual integration with the CACM countries in terms of intra-industry exports, promotion of investments, competition and modernizatio…
En este artículo se examinan los beneficios que podría encontrar Panamá en una eventual integración con los países del Mercado Común Centroamericano (MCCA);. Primero, se examina la estructura productiva de Panamá en términos del fenómeno conocido como el síndrome holandés; esto permite apreciar el efecto desindustrializante que los auges en el sector servicios han tenido sobre la economía. Luego se analizan las ventajas que Panamá podría obtener de una gradual integración con los países del MCCA en lo que hace a exportaciones intraindustriales, fomento de las inversiones, competencia y moderni…
This article presents a critique of the theory of financial repression, in place of which it offers an alternative approach to development financing, based mainly on the Keynesian tradition. The concept of financial repression refers to the situation of a market suffering from institutional obstacles, both in terms of economic policy and administrative aspects, which prevent it from attaining an equilibrium position and thus jeopardize the rationality of the resource allocation process. The policy consequences that follow from a study of this theory mainly involve the liberalization of the fin…
Economic integration in Latin America has entered upon a new stage, conditioned by new development strategies undertaken mostly by democratically elected governments, and directed at adjusting to a changed and increasingly demanding world economy, while attempting simultaneously to increase the Latin American countries' competitiveness. In the first section of this paper, the stylized facts of this new stage of economic integration are briefly reviewed, after which an explanation is given, in section II, of the main determinants of the significant growth of reciprocal trade an…
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