Este informe analiza la evolución de las corrientes comerciales y de la inversión extranjera directa en los países que conforman la Comunidad Andina, el Mercosur y Chile durante los años noventa, en función de las principales características ambientales que las componen. El objetivo es lograr aproximaciones que den cuenta del posible impacto ambiental de las transformaciones que ocurrieron en el perfil exportador de los países y subgrupos, con el fin de dar elementos de repuesta a varias interrogantes: ¿están los países en un rumbo de especialización exportadora ambientalmente adecuada o se tr…
This is the fifty-third edition in this series. The first part of the Survey covers the regional economy. It begins with a chapter dealing with the situation in the first half of 2001 and the prospects for the year as a whole. This was previously published separately with the title 2001: Current Conditions and Outlook. The analysis of the various aspects of the regional economy in 2000 consists of three chapters on macroeconomic policies and reforms, the performance of the internal economy and the external sector. The second part contains analysis of the economic performance of the 20 …
La influencia del crecimiento económico sobre numerosos aspectos
de la economía y de la sociedad constituye un tema
muy frecuente en el trabajo de los economistas. Especialmente
en la actualidad, cuando en la mayoría de los países de la región
están en marcha profundas transformaciones económicas
y sociales y al mismo tiempo se reconoce la existencia de
grandes deficiencias distributivas y de vastos porcentajes de la
población en situación de pobreza, se desea conocer la capacidad
del crecimiento económico para afrontar tales problemas.
En este artículo se trata el tema situándolo primero en u…
The influence of economic growth on numerous aspects of the economy and society is a frequently recurring topic among economists, especially at present, when profound economic and social transformations are under way in most of the countries of the region, while simultaneously there is an awareness that there are great shortcomings in terms of income distribution and that a high percentage of the population is in a state of poverty. A strong desire therefore exists to determine the capacity of economic growth to cope with those problems. This article begins by placing the issue in a conceptual…
This issue of CEPAL Review includes a special section to commemorate Raúl Prebisch in the centennial of his birthday, containing a selection of articles prepared by renowned social scientists involved with Latin American development thinking.…
Este número de la Revista de la CEPAL incluye un homenaje a Raúl Prebisch en el centenario de su nacimiento, con un conjunto de artículos de distinguidas personalidades de las ciencias sociales vinculadas al pensamiento sobre América Latina.…
Introduction Trade and development issues have been the focus of economists, policy makers and international organizations for decades. However, environmental concerns have only come to the fore within the last couple of decades largely as a result of the work of scientists on, for example, climate change and loss in biodiversity as well as the lobbying activities of environmental groups, such as Greenpeace. The linking of environment to trade only gained international prominence since the negotiations for the Canada-United States Free Trade Area in the 1980s. However, although enviro…
Introduction With the failure of the import-substituting industrialisation policies of the post-war period, Caribbean countries shifted to an export-promotion strategy in the 1980s. Export promotion inevitably demanded a shifting of the relative price and productivity of tradable goods and services. To provide the necessary incentives for export promotion, countries pursued a mixture of reforms and restructuring to attract investment and to promote the competitiveness of production and exchange. The period also coincided with a shift in the development paradigm of the developed countri…
Introduction
There is a renewed call for a new approach to development with emphasis on community empowerment or participation, with the belief that more sustainable activities will be undertaken in those communities. Much of that call, however, is coming not from within the communities, but primarily from advocates of change who may have little to do with those communities. What then will the new approach bring apart from a change in who are the decision-makers?
And how do we ensure that the change that is called for will, in fact, bring added benefits to the communities themselves?
To be sur…
Introduction
The evolution of trade and investment flows between the Caribbean and the rest of the western hemisphere has been influenced by historical incorporation into the world economy and changes over time. The most important historical factor was the incorporation of the region into the international capitalist economy as producers and exporters of primary products and importers of technology, manufactured goods and finance. This pattern of specialisation and exchange led to exports of primary goods such as sugar,bananas and minerals (oil and bauxite);.
Investment flows followed trade an…
Abstract
The paper presents the challenges and lessons learnt from the Project Development of Social Statistical Databases and the Methodological Approaches for a Social Vulnerability Index (SVI); for Small Island Developing States' (NET/00/035);, which was undertaken by the Social Development Unit of
the ECLAC/CDCC secretariat. The Project aims to make available to social planners and decision makers in the Caribbean, a body of social statistics comprised of data sets being generated by national central statistical offices of the ECLAC/CDCC member States. The paper situates the Pro…
Presentación En virtud del convenio entre la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) y la República Federal de Alemania (a través de la agencia de cooperación GTZ), destinado para el subsector de hidrocarburos de América Central, la Unidad de Energía de la Sede Subregional de la CEPAL en México ha venido publicando informes anuales sobre el abastecimiento de hidrocarburos en el Istmo Centroamericano. Dentro de esta cooperación conviene mencionar que en el año 1998 finalizó la VI fase del proyecto para el mejoramiento del abastecimiento de hidrocarburos para la región, pero d…
Resumen
Este documento es una versión abreviada y editada de otro más extenso que fué preparado a solicitud de la Secretaría de la Asociación de Estados del Caribe (AEC); para ser presentado a la IV Reunión Ordinaria del Consejo de Ministros de la Asociación, realizada el 11 y 12 de diciembre del año 2001 en la isla Margarita, Venezuela. Colaboraron en su elaboración los siguientes funcionarios de la División de Comercio Internacional e Integración de la Sede de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL); en Santiago: Carla Macario, Jaime Contador, Verónica Silva y José Durá…
Resumen Las medidas orientadas hacia el comercio de servicios del Acuerdo entre la Unión Europea (UE) y México se inscriben dentro del proceso de liberalización más amplio, el cual ha empezado formalmente a partir de 1995, con la entrada en vigor del Acuerdo General sobre el Comercio de Servicios (AGCS), después de casi una década de estudios y negociaciones bajo los auspicios del (GATT). El tema de los servicios pasó a ser parte de las negociaciones en la mayoría de los Acuerdos de Libre Comercio que entraron en vigor a partir de mediados de los noventa. Un ejemplo de ellos es el Tratado de L…
Resumen
En la sierra de Bodoquena, en Mato Grosso do Sul, se ha dado durante la década de 1990 un auge del ecoturismo de tal magnitud que ha transformado radicalmente a la economía y sociedad local. El presente estudio mide la importancia económica del ecoturismo en particular en el municipio deBonito, describe las transformaciones económicas y sociales experimentadas en el lugar en la última década y analiza las políticas públicas locales que han sido instrumentales en el auge del ecoturismo. El documento finaliza con una mirada prospectiva de los desafíos presentes en la situación socioeconó…
Resumen El turismo rural y sus encadenamientos hacia los proveedores de insumos y servicios ha surgido en varios foros como propuesta para diversificar la economía rural y crear empleos e ingresos adicionales. En efecto, las experiencias de turismo rural y agroturismo en Chile han tenido, por lo general, un efecto positivo en los ingresos de las personas que ofrecen sus servicios (alojamiento, merienda, venta de artesanías, música y presentaciones folclóricas, transporte, guía, etc.).Sin lugar a dudas, la actividad tiene un futuro prometedor porque existe un creciente interés de la población…
Abstract This paper purports to review the performance of the Debt for Nature Swap (DNS) Programs in light of their dual objectives of lowering deforestation rates as well as the cost of debt servicing. It evaluates the performance of private and Public DNS and inquires whether such swaps have made any significant dent on the debt and deforestation problems besetting many developing countries. It also assesses the prospects for such swaps in the future. We argue that since the prospects for DNS are limited, a more conducive solution for the deforestation problem in many developing countries ma…
Abstract In the relatively short history of Mercosur, the countries of the region have gone through wide macroeconomic fluctuations. Macroeconomic turbulence is not a novelty for Argentina, Brazil and their partners, but it has shown different features in recent years, particularly concerning the strength and nature of regional spillovers. Despite the asymmetries in size among the economies of the area and the low starting levels of trade, the rapid growth of intra-regional commerce until the last few years, and the feeling that there was a 'mercosur component' in the intern…
Summary
This document analyses the results of a survey conducted by the Latin American and Caribbean Demographic Centre (CELADE); - Population Division of ECLAC in the framework of activities underway to develop systems of indicators for follow-up to the Programme of Action on Population and Development established at the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD); of 1994, and to the Latin American and Caribbean Regional Plan of Action on Population and Development, which was approved in its final form in 1996. The data from this survey, which was conducted in late 2000, wa…
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