This study sets out to obtain values for the income elasticities and inequality of poverty in urban and rural areas of the Brazilian states. A panel data methodology capable of capturing spatial effects via a spatial lag model is used to identify whether there are spatial spillovers of poverty in the census situations studied. Changes in growth and inequality lead to spatial spillovers in the proportion of poor people in Brazil’s urban areas, but this does not happen at all in rural areas. By demonstrating the existence of spatial spillovers in urban areas, the study shows that anti-poverty me…
Esta investigación busca verificar el valor de las elasticidades ingreso y desigualdad de la pobreza en las áreas urbanas y rurales de los estados brasileños. Una metodología con datos de panel capaz de abarcar los efectos espaciales mediante un modelo de rezago espacial permitiría verificar la existencia de desbordamientos espaciales de la pobreza en las situaciones censales estudiadas. Los cambios en el crecimiento y las desigualdades causan desbordamientos espaciales de la proporción de pobres en las áreas urbanas brasileñas, esto no existe en las áreas rurales. Al verificar la existencia d…
This article presents a proposal for defining and measuring precarious employment. We begin by relating this phenomenon to the changing faces of work and social class. We then expound a methodology that combines the techniques of correspondence analysis and k-means clustering to produce a typology of nine groups of precarious employment. This reveals such employment to be a multidimensional phenomenon combining aspects of stability, insecurity, income, working conditions and working hours. The results point to a phenomenon that is not tied to any one class or position in the labour market or t…
Este artículo presenta una propuesta de definición y medición de la precariedad laboral. Comenzamos relacionando el fenómeno de la precariedad con las transformaciones de las fisonomías del trabajo y de las clases sociales. Luego, se expone una metodología que combina las técnicas del análisis de correspondencias y el clúster de k-medias para elaborar una tipología de nueve grupos de precariedad. Esto permite evidenciar la precariedad como un fenómeno multidimensional que articula aspectos ligados a la estabilidad, inseguridad, ingresos, condiciones de trabajo y jornadas laborales. Los resulta…
This study simulates the social and economic effects of introducing reverse mortgages in Chile. It uses the 2009 Social Protection Survey and recent simulation methodologies to analyse the monetary gain associated with taking out such a loan, which is paid in periodic instalments over the homeowner’s lifetime. Eligible individuals are retired homeowners, who account for 70% of the older population. Monies received increase exponentially depending on the age at which the reverse mortgage is taken out. Lastly, the increase in liquidity has significant social potential, as it could reduce the pov…
There is growing recognition that expanded reliance on property taxation would facilitate the achievement of sustainable development goals, providing adequate funding of local services and access to credit for infrastructure. It would also generate more incentives for more accountable local governance.
However, this instrument has a large and unexploited revenue potential in Latin America. Ambitions and reform policies are confronted with political and administration obstacles. Also Governments tend to worry about the political costs of taxing property.
The paper suggests ways to improve the w…
La competitividad en los países en desarrollo, así como la participación de los sectores agropecuario, hidrocarburos y minería en el PIB de los países de América del Sur, y los empleos verdes en Argentina, son algunos de los temas principales que aborda el nuevo número de Revista CEPAL, disponible desde hoy en internet.
En su edición N⁰ 129 (diciembre 2019), la principal publicación académica del organismo regional de las Naciones Unidas incluye en total 10 artículos de destacados especialistas y profesores internacionales, quienes analizan diversas áreas de la situación económica y social de …
Competitiveness and its determinants: a systemic analysis for developing countries / Victor Medeiros, Lucas Gonçalves Godoi and Evandro Camargos Teixeira .-- The gross domestic product (GDP) shares of the agriculture sector and the hydrocarbon and mining sector in the countries of South America between 1960 and 2014 / Pedro Henrique de Abreu Paiva and Carlos José Caetano Bacha .-- Green jobs in Argentina: opportunities to move forward with the environmental and social agenda / Christoph Ernst, Ana Sofía Rojo Brizuela and Daniele Epifanio .-- Income elasticities and inequality of poverty in urb…
Highlights
• In the third quarter of 2019, the U.S. economy grew at a 2.1% annualized rate. Growth was driven by consumer and government spending, and a buildup in inventories.
• The third quarter of 2019 was the 41st consecutive quarter of growth and November the 125th month of consecutive growth for the U.S. economy. The current expansion is the longest on record.
• The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) cut the federal funds rate three times this year, in July, September and October, due to slowing global growth and trade uncertainty, contributing to diminish recession fears. Federal Rese…
En este estudio se explora cómo las políticas estructurales en América Latina y el Caribe dan forma implícita y explícita a las experiencias de las comunidades que viven en diversas realidades rurales en la región. En particular, se presenta un análisis crítico de una de las políticas estructurales más importantes introducidas en la región durante las últimas décadas, la descentralización fiscal.
América Latina y el Caribe presenta una amplia variedad de éxitos y fracasos relacionados con la descentralización fiscal, lo que dificulta que se lleve a cabo una evaluación decisiva sobre los impact…
The economic overview for Latin America and the Caribbean in 2019 is occurring in a particularly complex context. The region is exhibiting an economic deceleration that is widespread and synchronized among countries and sectors, topping off six consecutive years of low growth, ECLAC indicated today in its last annual report released at its central headquarters in Santiago, Chile.
In its Preliminary Overview of the Economies of Latin America and the Caribbean 2019, the United Nations regional organization indicates that the deceleration in domestic demand is being accompanied by low external ag…
El balance económico de América Latina y el Caribe en 2019 se presenta en un contexto particularmente complejo. La región muestra una desaceleración económica generalizada y sincronizada a nivel de países y de sectores, completando seis años consecutivos de bajo crecimiento, señaló hoy la CEPAL en su último informe anual dado a conocer en su sede central de Santiago, Chile.
En su Balance Preliminar de las Economías de América Latina y el Caribe 2019, el organismo regional de las Naciones Unidas indica que la desaceleración en la demanda interna se acompaña por una baja demanda agregada externa…
O balanço econômico da América Latina e do Caribe em 2019 é apresentado em um contexto particularmente complexo. A região mostra uma desaceleração econômica generalizada e sincronizada em países e setores, completando seis anos consecutivos de baixo crescimento, afirmou hoje a CEPAL em seu último relatório anual divulgado em sua sede em Santiago, Chile.
Em seu Balanço Preliminar das Economias da América Latina e do Caribe 2019, a Comissão Regional das Nações Unidas indica que a desaceleração da demanda interna é acompanhada por uma baixa demanda agregada externa e mercados financeiros internac…
These are the main highlights of the Capital Flows to Latin America, Third Quarter 2019 edition:
• International bond issuance from Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) in the third quarter (Q3) of 2019 was US$ 39.3 billion. It was up 17% from the second quarter, and up 541% from the third quarter of 2018, and it was the highest third-quarter issuance since 2010.
• From January to October 2019, the region’s total bond issuance reached US$ 103 billion, 20% higher than in the same period in 2018.
• The three top issuers, sovereign and corporate issuance combined, accounted for 65% of the tota…