This document provides an overview of the most relevant developments in United States trade policy relating to Latin America and the Caribbean in 2003. U.S. policy continued to promote trade liberalization through advancing negotiations on multiple fronts- globally (WTO), regionally (FTAA) and bilaterally (Chile and CAFTA)- with a view that the various negotiations are mutually reinforcing and seek to create a constructive competition for liberalization among trade partners. The Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) provided an impetus to the signing and Congressional approval of bilateral free t…
This document provides an overview of the most relevant developments in United States trade policy relating to Latin America and the Caribbean in 2002. U.S. policy continued to promote trade liberalization through advancing negotiations on multiple fronts- globally (WTO), regionally (FTAA) and bilaterally or sub regionally- with a view that the various negotiations are mutually reinforcing and seek to create a constructive competition for liberalization among trade partners. The passage of Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) included in the Trade Act of August 2002 enhanced the U.S. Adminis…
Abstract
Behind the discussion on optimal exchange-rate regimes lies the need to achieve external and internal equilibrium, and thus create an appropriate macroeconomic climate for sustained growth and development. The optimality and feasibility of exchange-rate regimes in individual Latin American and Caribbean countries must take into consideration several parameters linked to microeconomics, open macroeconomics, and political economy aspects. More recently, the discussion has incorporated the regional dimension and the possibility of joining monetary unions to the set of feasible national s…
We are witnessing the disappearance of the traditional
paradigm that viewed the structural position as the
determining factor in shaping collective action and social
actors. Because of the structural and cultural changes that
have occurred in the world and the region -the
transformation of Latin America's weak national Statecentred
industrial society and the break-up of the traditional
relationships between State and society- collective action
is tending to take shape mainly along four axes: political
democratization; social democratization or the struggle
against exclusion and for citize…
Abstract In the relatively short history of Mercosur, the countries of the region have gone through wide macroeconomic fluctuations. Macroeconomic turbulence is not a novelty for Argentina, Brazil and their partners, but it has shown different features in recent years, particularly concerning the strength and nature of regional spillovers. Despite the asymmetries in size among the economies of the area and the low starting levels of trade, the rapid growth of intra-regional commerce until the last few years, and the feeling that there was a 'mercosur component' in the intern…
Abstract The article uses the global commodity chains framework to explain the transformations in production, trade and corporate strategies that altered the global apparel industry over the past decades and changed the conditions for industrial upgrading. The apparel industry is identified as a buyer-driven commodity chain that contains three types of lead firms: retailers, marketers and branded manufacturers. As apparel production has become globally dispersed and competition between these firms has intensified, each type of lead firm has developed extensive global sourcing capabilities. Whi…
This article presents a methodological and empirical approach to the measurement of technological maturity in a process industry, such as petrochemicals, at the international level. The main conclusion is that the degree of technological maturity determined in the exercise may vary, depending on the indicator used for measuring the life cycle of the industry. This finding is very important because the conventional indicators of market dynamism or production do not always reflect the degree of technological maturity of an industry or sector. Since technology is a decisive factor in the degree o…
This article seeks to rethink the conceptual framework for the formulation of industrial policy in the conditions currently being faced by most of the more industrialized countries of the region; it may be noted that the debate has very similar features in the economies at an intermediate level of industrial development too. The authors review the different theories on government intervention (section II); and the industrial policy arguments (section III);. They then consider the situation of the developing countries, taking a structuralist view (section IV); and the interaction of the macro- …
This article analyses five types of international trade based on the competitive advantages afforded to under-developed countries by their environmental resources endowment. First of all, specialization of such countries in the production of highly polluting goods and services is studied, recalling the conventional specialization in the production and export of goods making intensive use of natural resources. The commercial exploitation of the recreational services of natural parks and the exploitation of biodiversity in pharmaceutical research is then referred to. The use for profit of some e…
This article argues that the ECLAC proposal for changing production patterns with social equity should take account of the cultural features of the region's societies. It therefore examines the ECLAC proposal from. a cultural standpoint, with special attention to the links between citizenship, economic development and modernity (section II);. It then analyses the processes of internationalization of culture, the relation between cultural identity and citizenship, and the impact of the processes of internationalization of culture on the region (section III);. It goes on to examine one of t…
Regional integration has once again become an important issue for Latin America and the Caribbean. Compared with previous experiences, however, recent integration commitments have a number of new aspects in such areas as negotiating procedures, the issues involved in the various agreements -some of which are as unprecedented as the adoption of common currencies, the creation of binational companies, common labour laws, etc.- and the actual timing of these steps. Among the various integration initiatives now being pursued, four are particularly important by virtue of the relative weight of the …
The national road traffic enforcement rules are established in the 1997 Brazilian Traffic Code and in the regulations of the National Traffic Council (CONTRAN). The National Road Safety Plan 2019-2028 contain the necessary mechanisms for effective compliance with the obligations and targets of the National Traffic System bodies. This project aims to contribute to decreasing road traffic deaths and injuries by means of technical assistance to support and to strengthen ongoing road traffic enforcement activities and enhancing the capacity of traffic officers at the state level to implement …
Discurso de cierre del trigésimo octavo período de sesiones de la CEPAL
Alicia Bárcena, Secretaria Ejecutiva de la CEPAL
Santiago, 28 de octubre de 2020
Querido Rodolfo Solano Quirós, Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto de Costa Rica,
Dear Amina Mohammed, UN Deputy Secretary General, thank you for being with us today,
Esteemed Carolyn Rodrigues Birkett, Permanent Representative of Guyana to the United Nations and Chair of the Group of 77 and China,
Distinguidos Cancilleres, Viceministros y delegados de los Estados miembros de la CEPAL,
Señoras y señores miembros del Cuerpo D…
This article analyses the relations between the international specialization pattern and growth. For this purpose, it adopts as its analytical framework the recent literature emphasizing the importance of initial conditions and public policies, and not only factor endowment. It also analyses the empirical and economic policy implications of this approach. After an introduction (section I);, section II presents the analytical framework: a model with two internationally tradeable goods sectors and a non-tradeable inputs sector, with increasing returns to scale and dynamic pecuniary externalities…
The constitution of a new international industrial order dominated by a core of large transnational corporations generally makes life more difficult for the great majority of developing countries because, since most are not in a position to compete effectively, they face still greater marginalization. TNCS more than ever before can significantly influence the international competitiveness and therefore the nature of incorporation of developing countries into the new increasingly integrated international production system. The national origin and form of foreign direct investment and technology…
Latin American manufacturing industry has undergone various changes in recent years. It has registered a favourable performance as far as exports are concerned, but production and investment have grown only slowly in a context of sluggish recovery of domestic demand and greater foreign competition. Other features are greater specialization in natural resource-based intermediate goods characterized by the importance of economies of scale, relatively long lead times for the heavy investments required, and the presence of privatized and transnational enterprises. At the same time, there are signs…
This article highlights the need to complement macroeconomic policies designed to secure stabilization, deregulation and greater openness with other macroeconomic and microeconomic measures aimed at revitalizing the growth and competitiveness of the countries of the region. At the national level, in terms of macroeconomic measures, it is necessary to increase domestic saving and channel it towards productive investments within the local context, while microeconomic policy should include measures to develop and consolidate in the countries an innovative, wide-ranging system for furthering chang…
28 Jun
- 03 Jul
2010, 05:00 - 14:00
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Evento (Reuniones y seminarios técnicos)
With the support of IDB-Canada Trade Fund, InWent and GTZ, the Shridath Ramphal Centre in cooperation with ECLAC Santiago developed a training program entitled Trade, Innovation Policy and Small States. The goal of the workshop was to review the global and regional context for innovation and to examine the performance of specific small states. The experience of the Caribbean was also detailed to contextualized the sub-regional performance.…
Notes the existence of private technology transfer or transactions but examines in some detail the efforts of UNDP/TCDC; OAS; the Commonwealth Fund for Technical Cooperation; USAID; the Peace Corps and the International Development Research Centre, noting that they have been particularly important in both the promotion and implementation of the concept of technology transfer.
Examines in detail the types and methods of technology transfer which range from agricultural extensions to seminars and workshops.…
Representantes de gobiernos, del Sistema de las Naciones Unidas, organismos internacionales y regionales, sector privado, academia y sociedad civil analizarán los progresos y desafíos para el cumplimiento de la Agenda 2030 en América Latina y el Caribe, durante la octava reunión del Foro de los Países de América Latina y el Caribe sobre el Desarrollo Sostenible, que se realizará bajo la presidencia del Perú, del 31 de marzo al 4 de abril en la sede principal de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), en Santiago, Chile.
A diez años de la histórica aprobaci…