Position paper responsável pela sugestão da agenda positiva para o Encontro Internacional de Atração de Investimento Direto Externo, realizado em 2004, fundamentando-se nos seguintes tópicos: (i) apresentação de uma resenha dos trabalhos realizados recentemente no setor de fármacos no Brasil; (ii) detalhamento e análise do desempenho recente do setor, da estrutura das empresas (saída, entradas, fusões, novos investidores etc.), do comércio exterior, (balança comercial do setor, principais mercados, fornecedores internacionais etc.), e os principais pontos em debate no setor (demanda, po…
O conceito bem de capital é uma categoria importante para a análise econômica na medida em que representa a principal dimensão do investimento produtivo. A incorporação de bem de capital ao processo produtivo pode implicar na ampliação da capacidade da economia crescer, além do fato de que o bem de capital é portador de conhecimento, pois incorpora tecnologia. Desta forma, os bens de capital - máquinas e equipamentos - são considerados transmissores de progresso técnico para seus usuários. Conseqüentemente, o bem de capital tanto amplia a capacidade produtiva como viabiliza o aumento de produt…
In the third quarter of 2003, investors continued to favor riskier assets buoyed by abundant global liquidity, low interest rates in mature markets, strong economic growth (with low inflation), and improving credit quality. Credit spreads in emerging and Latin American markets narrowed in response, by 41 and 56 basis points, respectively, and are near historical lows in most emerging market countries. The EMBI+ index is well below its long run average, according to J.P Morgan. Issuers in emerging markets and Latin America benefited from the decline in spreads, as well as from the greater inter…
Access to Latin American and Caribbean Exports in the United States market, 2001-2002 is the eighth annual report released by the ECLAC Washington Office, updating information contained in previous reports. Its aim is to compile and make available information on trade inhibiting measures that Latin American and Caribbean exports encounter in the United States market. This report needs to be placed in the context of a trade relationship between the United States and Latin America and the Caribbean, which has grown strongly over the years to the benefit of both economies. Moreover, it must be …
From November 2001 to April 2003, the International
Monetary Fund grappled with a radical proposal, the
Sovereign Debt Restructuring Mechanism, for handling the
external debt of insolvent governments of developing and
transition economies. That proposal was rejected, but new
collective action clauses that address some of the
difficulties in restructuring bond debt are being introduced.
In addition, IMF is developing a pragmatic and eclectic
approach to assessing debt sustainability that can be useful
to governments and creditors. However, many of the
problems in restructuring sover…
Social protection systems have to cope with large
discrepancies between the financing needed to cover demand
and the resources actually available. For this reason, it is
necessary for any reform proposal to include elements of
cost restraint as well as measures to increase the population
coverage of systems. Efficiency and solidarity must improve
together if progress is to be made towards universality of
benefits. Any reform strategy needs to consider not only the
financial constraints imposed by the macroeconomy, but also
the heavy drain on financial resources and the effects on the
fiscal ac…
Stable development and financing of the social protection
system, one of the priorities of fiscal policy in Chile over
recent years, has helped to reduce poverty and indigence,
particularly since the 1990s. The fiscal accounts have been
managed prudently, and budgetary balance and efficient
administration have been given priority over short-term
objectives. Even so, poverty is still a fact of life and the
poor are still vulnerable to drastic falls in income. This means
that an effort is still required to modernize fiscal policy and
develop new institutional arrangements for the social
protecti…
Editorial Queremos dedicar este número del informativo de Redatam a nuestro gran amigo Serge Poulard, quien nos dejó en diciembre del 2003. El lanzamiento de la última versión de REDATAM -Redatam+SP (Super Power Special Programme - Serge Poulard) es, entonces, nuestro homenaje a él, su principal desarrollador en los últimos 10 años. Es muy difícil resumir en unas pocas líneas el inmenso significado que Serge tiene para el CELADE, sus compañeros de trabajo, sus amigos y todo el mundo de censos de Latinoamérica y el Caribe. Claramente, uno solo se acerca a la superficie de la grandeza de tan ent…
Desde noviembre de 2001 hasta abril de 2003 el Fondo Monetario
Internacional (FMI); debatió una propuesta radical para
manejar la deuda externa de los países insolventes de economías
en desarrollo y economías en transición, denominada
mecanismo de reestructuración de la deuda soberana. Aunque
la propuesta fue rechazada, se están introduciendo en los contratos
de bonos soberanos nuevas cláusulas de acción colectiva
con miras a encarar algunas de las dificultades existentes para
reestructurar la deuda en bonos. Además, el FMI está desarrollando
un enfoque pragmático y ecléctico para evaluar la
s…
Los sistemas de protección social enfrentan serios descalces
entre la necesidad y la disponibilidad de recursos financieros
para cubrir las demandas. Por ello, tanto la contención de costos
como la necesidad de aumentar la cobertura poblacional de
los sistemas son elementos de cualquier propuesta de reforma.
Para avanzar hacia la universalidad de los beneficios hay que
fortalecer simultáneamente la eficiencia y la solidaridad. Una
estrategia de reforma no sólo debe considerar las restricciones
financieras impuestas desde la macroeconomía, sino también
que el esquema elegido puede acarrear fuer…
This document contains an analysis of and statistics on the economic performance of the region as a whole and of individual Latin American and Caribbean countries in 2003. As predicted by ECLAC in its midyear projections, the economy of Latin America and the Caribbean has grown by 1.5% in 2003. In contrast, the region's per capita GDP remained flat at 1.5% below the 1997 level. The lowest point of the cycle came in the first quarter of 2002, after which the economy began to make a mild recovery. The regional economy is expected to grow by 3.5% in 2004, leaving behind the lost six-ye…
En esta publicación se hace un análisis de la evolución de la economía regional en el año 2003, desde una perspectiva comparativa e individual por países. La economía de América Latina y el Caribe creció un 1,5% en 2003, tal como lo proyectó la CEPAL a mediados de año. En cambio, el PIB per cápita regional se mantuvo estancado, un 1,5% por debajo del nivel de 1997. El punto de más bajo crecimiento en el ciclo se registró en el primer trimestre de 2002, después del cual se inició una tenue recuperación. Se prevé que en 2004 la región crecerá un 3,5%, dejando atrás el sexenio perdido anterior e …
The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean and Secretariat to the Caribbean Development and Cooperation Committee (CDCC), is pleased to present the seventeenth volume of the Selected Statistical Indicators of Caribbean Countries (SSI). This publication represents a compilation of original nationally produced and officially published statistics on select indicators for the year 2003. Where available, 2004 and 2005 figures have been included. The aim of the SSI is to serve as a single source of Caribbean statistics on national…
Describes the Caribbean Trade Statistics Database, explaining the reasons for its creation. Identifies its functions and capabilities. Outlines the process of design, listing the design considerations. Provides detailed instructions for navigation of the system. Presents an overview of the current content of the database. Provides a reference guide of terms used in the analysis of trade indicators.…
Discusses the objectives behind export promotional policies, their methods, and the benefits to be derived. Describes, analyses and assesses export promotional polices in the case of CARICOM Caribbean economies. Examines the physical and institutional context, and instruments for export promotional policies, and the analyses their implications and
impact.…