After more than a decade of economic reform and structural adjustment in the developing countries, there is increased recognition that economic growth and social equity must go hand with hand. This article starts asking what is meant by social equity . It notes that reduction of poverty and improvement of income distribution are two perfectly complementary policy objectives, since less inequality can help both to reduce poverty and to speed up economic growth. It reviews the main elements of the modern theory of distributive justice, covering the ethical and economic dimensions of i…
This article analyses the relations between the competitiveness of an economy and the labour regulations in force in it. It is argued that economic theory is by no means conclusive regarding the impact of labour regulations on competitiveness, since different schools of thought maintain opposing positions in many respects. Moreover, empirical research has shown that the evidence put forward with respect to these assumed linkages is not very relevant. Various policy consequences follow from this: countries have various strategies open to them and greater leeway that is usually suggested, since …
La CEPAL en su calidad de miembro del Comité Tripartito de apoyo al proceso de
negociaciones relativas al Área de Libre Comercio de las Américas (ALCA), pone el presente
documento a disposición de los países insertos en el proceso de negociaciones, de su Comité
de Negociaciones Comerciales (CNC), de sus Grupos de Negociación (GN) y del Grupo de
Revisión de la Implementación de Cumbres (GRIC).
El documento contiene las nuevas definiciones y coberturas de los componentes del
comercio internacional de servicios, series históricas (1980-1997) para 35 países de la región,
incluyendo Canadá y Estado…
El propósito de esta publicación destinada a los usuarios y productores de información sobre el comercio
internacional de bienes transportables, es dar a conocer los cambios introducidos en el Sistema
Armonizado de Designación y Codificación de Mercancías (SA), enmienda 2 (SA96), aplicables a partir
del 1ro. de enero de 1996 y sus efectos en las restantes clasificaciones estadísticas internacionales
contenidas en el Banco de Datos del Comercio Exterior de América Latina y el Caribe de la cepal
(BADECEL).
En este documento se ha mantenido la misma estructura que en su versión original, el Cuade…
La ecoindustria, que abarca una amplia variedad de productos y servicios relacionados con el monitoreo, tratamiento, control y gestión de la contaminación industrial y doméstica, se desarrollo rápidamente en los años ochenta y noventa, en respuesta a las reglamentaciones ambientales. Gracias a la aplicación relativamente temprana de estas reglamentaciones en los Estados Unidos, Europa y Japón, estas regiones entraron en competencia como productores y exportadores de productos y servicios ambientales. A medida que se desarrollaba el sector industrial, aumentó la sensibilidad ambiental y expandi…
The environment industry, which includes a wide range of products and services relating to the monitoring, treatment, control and management of industrial and domestic pollution, has grown rapidly during the 1980s and 1990s in response to environmental regulations. Due to the relatively early application of these regulations in the United States, Europe and Japan, these areas have become competitive producers and exporters of environmental products and services. As the industrial sector has developed, environmental awareness has been raised and competition and international trade in the enviro…
Abstract One year and a half after the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II) held in Istanbul, the present document aims to assess the progress made on the implementation of the Regional Plan of Action on Human Settlements for Latin America and the Caribbean. The region faces a disturbing upsurge in urban poverty and widening income inequality, notwithstanding the slower rate of population growth. A worsening of environmental problems such as air and water pollution, waste disposal and vehicle congestion is being experienced in urban centres, and the region still has both…
Durante la década de 1990 las corrientes mundiales de IED han experimentado un crecimiento notable, de un promedio anual de 142 000 millones de dólares entre 1985 y 1990 a más de 350 000 millones en 1996. Un aspecto clave de este proceso es la progresiva orientación del flujo internacional de IED hacia los países en desarrollo, cuya participación en el total anual a nivel mundial aumentó de 14.9% en 1990 a 37.8% en 1996. En los años noventa, las reformas y la estabilidad macroeconómica mejoraron significativamente la percepción que tenían los inversionistas extranjeros de América Latina y el C…
Abstract
This paper examines the means to incorporate the use of market signals through prices into water resources management with the objective of improving efficiency in the allocation of water. It reviews a vast body of recent literature on tradable resource use rights as well as actual experiences with implementing tradable water rights programmes both in Latin America and in the rest of the world. The issues discussed include the conditions required for a well-functioning water market; the potential strengths and weaknesses claimed for markets as a means of water allocation; the characte…
The 1997 edition of the Statistical Yearbook for Latin America and the Caribbean contains a selection, updated to the end of December, of the main statistical series available on economic and social trends in the countries of the region. It represents a systematic effort of the ECLAC Statistics and Projections Division to harmonize the figures and make them internationally comparable. Part one consists of derived social and economic indicators (growth rates, ratios or coefficients) which provide an overview of each area of interest, along with the background material needed to make the inform…
The 1997 edition of the Statistical Yearbook for Latin America and the Caribbean contains a selection, updated to the end of December, of the main statistical series available on economic and social trends in the countries of the region. It represents a systematic effort of the ECLAC Statistics and Projections Division to harmonize the figures and make them internationally comparable. Part one consists of derived social and economic indicators (growth rates, ratios or coefficients) which provide an overview of each area of interest, along with the background material needed to make the inform…
En este artículo se pretende hacer un recorrido por la realidad virtual del ámbito presupuestario y fiscal para identificar los posibles márgenes de libertad para lograr un mayor grado de convergencia entre el discurso político acerca de la equidad y el contenido real de las políticas públicas respecto de este objetivo. Con este propósito, se exploran posibles respuestas a cuatro interrogantes qué significado se atribuye actualmente al concepto de equidad; cuáles son los espacios en el ámbito tributario para ampliar los recursos y mejorar la equidad vertical; cuáles son las vías para dar prela…
This article aims to make a walk-through in the virtual reality of budgetary and fiscal matters in order to identify the possible degrees of freedom to achieve a higher level of convergence between the public discourse on equity and the real content of public policies aimed at that goal. To this end, the author explores possible answers to four questions: what is the current meaning of the concept of equity; how much leeway is there in the field of taxation for expanding resources and improving vertical equity; what means are there for giving priority to the objective of equity in managing pub…