31 Ene 2018, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:47
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This paper examines the genesis and evolution of debt and debt overhang in the Caribbean with individual case studies, to extract lessons and make broad recommendations with regard to appropriate mechanisms and policy measures that can be implemented to reduce the debt burden of the subregion. The econometric model utilized in the paper has shown that a one percent increase on debt to GDP ratio causes a 0.015decline in real GDP growth for the countries in the Caribbean panel, suggesting that debt has a pernicious effect on growth on Caribbean economies. What is even more worrisome was that Car…
1 Jun 2005, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:49
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Publicación
This research produced evidence about the contribution of investment and other sources to the growth process of Latin America during 1960-2002, and provided answers to the questions listed above unless from an historical perspective. The combined growth accounting and regression analysis, and used data for the six largest Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela. These countries produce nearly 90 per cent of Latin America's GDP. Alternative growth accounting methodologies were used to measure the contributions of the sources of growth to GDP gro…
The external and internal imbalances that appeared in the early 1980s, together with the adjustment and stabilization policies applied throughout that decade in Latin America, juxtaposed the need to reduce the fiscal deficit with the need to make up for the loss of income sustained by the most vulnerable groups of the population as a consequence of the external debt crisis. This article examines patterns of social expenditure in a number of countries in the region, in an effort to determine how these policies affected the level and composition of social spending and, hence, influenced social p…
1 Jun 2011, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:49
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This book is the final report of the ECLAC-IDRC project Observatory for the Information Society in Latin American and the Caribbean OSILAC, which aims at understanding the dynamics of the ICT evolution and revolution and producing evidence on its potential to promote socio-economic development. As such, microdata analysis drawn from National Household Surveys and National Innovation Surveys in Latin America were used in the framework of the project in the attempt to reach those objectives. Both statistical information sources provide attractive potentialities in order to investigate not only d…
1 Abr 2008, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:49
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Publicación
Stable, higher income democracies often have both a strong middle class and relatively low levels of inequality. In contrast, lower and middle income countries with highly unequal patterns of income distribution and stratified social structures often have a weak middle class, more social conflict and a tendency to populist and/or authoritarian politics. This paper investigates, for a sample of more than 120 countries, some empirical correlations between the size of the middle class and the following set of variables: the level (mean); of per capita income and wealth, the degree of inequality (…
1 Abr 2000, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:49
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Publicación
In this article, indicators of fiscal discretionality are estimated using a simple methodology, and in this way the cyclical component of the public accounts balance (i.e., the amounts of income and expenditure associated with transitory movements of the level of activity); is identified for a number of Latin American countries in the 1990s. The difference gives a measure of the discretional balance, which represents a medium-term indicator of the state of the public accounts. Budgetary rules which take account of these mechanisms not only ensure sustainability over time but also reduce the cy…
8 Mayo 2024, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:49
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Comunicado de prensa
Las grandes transformaciones que se requieren en los modelos de desarrollo de América Latina y el Caribe para poder lograr sociedades más productivas, inclusivas y sostenibles, necesitan una ampliación del espacio fiscal para dar sostenibilidad a las finanzas públicas, reconocieron autoridades, expertos y académicos reunidos en el XXXVI Seminario Regional de Política Fiscal, que concluyó este miércoles 8 de mayo en la sede de la CEPAL en Santiago, Chile.
El reconocido foro regional -que durante 36 años ha convocado a autoridades, especialistas, sociedad civil y academia para dialogar sobre lo…
La Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) celebrará del 6 al 8 de mayo la XXXVI edición del Seminario Regional de Política Fiscal, reconocido foro regional que durante 36 años ha convocado a autoridades, especialistas, sociedad civil y academia para dialogar sobre los desafíos de política fiscal que enfrentan los países de la región.
En la reunión participarán autoridades de los Ministerios de Hacienda de 13 países de la región y reconocidos expertos de organismos internacionales, academia, organizaciones de sociedad civil y organizaciones no gubernamentales.
El encuentro …
1 Ago 2006, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:49
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Reseña
Este documento fue preparado por Adolfo Rodríguez Herrera, Consultor de la Unidad de Estudios Especiales de CEPAL, bajo el
componente de Macroeconomía, equidad y seguridad social, del proyecto CEPAL/GTZ: Policy Strategies for Sustainable Development in
Latin America and the Caribbean: Promotion of a Socially Sustainable Economic Policy (GER/01/31); , que contó con el apoyo de la
Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Zusammenarbeit (GTZ);.
Preparado como apoyo al documento La protección social de cara al futuro: Acceso, financiamiento y solidaridad presentado en el XXXI
Per…
20 Oct 2021, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:49
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En este documento, elaborado en el marco de las actividades de un proyecto conjunto de la Administración Federal de Ingresos Públicos (AFIP) de la Argentina y la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), se abordan los desafíos que plantea la tributación de la economía digital a nivel global y las alternativas para superarlos que se discuten en los foros multilaterales.
Se exponen también experiencias internacionales en materia de tributación nacional a la economía digital. Finalmente, se describen los pasos que ha dado la Argentina en ese sentido y se analizan sus posibilida…
1 Mayo 2000, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:49
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Publicación
Second regional conference in follow-up to the World Summit for Social Development. Santiago, Chile, 15-17 May 2000 Summary The courses of action recommended at the World Summit for Social Development coincide with the general thrust of the action taken by the Governments of the region in the economic and social spheres during the 1990s. The objective of this document is to weigh the positive and negative aspects of the situation in Latin America and the Caribbean with regard to poverty reduction, productive job creation and social integration within the wider context of economic changes and s…
This article aims to make a walk-through in the virtual reality of budgetary and fiscal matters in order to identify the possible degrees of freedom to achieve a higher level of convergence between the public discourse on equity and the real content of public policies aimed at that goal. To this end, the author explores possible answers to four questions: what is the current meaning of the concept of equity; how much leeway is there in the field of taxation for expanding resources and improving vertical equity; what means are there for giving priority to the objective of equity in managing pub…
The inadequacies of social protection in Latin America and the Caribbean reveal a clear need for more active fiscal policies in this area. Although economic growth and decent employment are indispensable preconditions for social progress, the need for financing from public expenditure is ineluctable in the medium term. The present article examines three ways of achieving this objective. The first is to close the tax gap, since the fiscal burden is low in most Latin American and Caribbean countries. The second is to construct budgeting systems capable of removing rigidities and reallocating pub…
22 Mar 2019, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:49
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Comunicado de prensa
Increasing public revenue is key to strengthening fiscal policy’s capacity for action and bolstering the mobilization of resources to finance the 2030 Agenda. This according to the Fiscal Panorama of Latin America and the Caribbean 2019, an annual publication by ECLAC released today on the institution’s website.
The report – which analyzes current fiscal trends, the evolution of fiscal policies and their future challenges – adds that tackling the high level of tax incompliance and illicit financial flows in the region is more necessary than ever. According to the latest estimate of the Economi…
28 Jun 2004, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:45
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Publicación
In this paper we estimate the fiscal implications of the free trade agreement signed between the United States of America and the five Central American countries of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua. Of the five possible effects on fiscal revenue (direct, indirect, elasticity, substitution and induced), in this paper we estimate the first three. The fourth effect is most likely negligible, whereas the estimation of the fifth one would be plagued by uncertainty, so we do not attempt it here. We use comparative statics to estimate the impact. We find the adverse …
2 Ene 2004, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:45
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Publicación
The objective of this document is to analyse some of the main issues, effects and implications of the FTAA for Caribbean Community (CARICOM) economies. It also considers when relevant and for comparison purposes the cases of non-independent States. The document is divided into seven sections. Following the introduction, the second section describes, albeit briefly, the main issues that are found in the Free Trade Areas literature. The third section introduces the FTAA participants highlighting their economic and social disparities. The fourth section centers on the FTAA underlying principles …
26 Mayo 2025, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:49
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The Fiscal Panorama of Latin America and the Caribbean 2025 analyses the developments and main trends in public revenues and expenditures, fiscal deficits, public debt and subnational fiscal accounts for the countries of the region in 2024. It confirms that with limited fiscal space, these countries continued to struggle to build up available resources and therefore faced persistent deficits and high debt levels. This report also examines tax incentive policies in dynamic sectors related to environmental sustainability and proposes strategies to increase effectiveness and strengthen governance…
1 Nov 2002, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:49
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Main Statistical Points GEF funding has proceeded in recent years primarily via the World Bank, UNDP and UNEP. It has provided approximately US$5m in funding for projects totaling approximately US$18m in value (therefore over 70% locally cofinanced). Total public expenditure (capital and recurrent) on environmental projects (as identified herein) has ranged between 0.15% to 0.21% of GDP over the period or approximately between US$2 to US$3 per capital. …
1 Ago 2008, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:48
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Publicación
This article reviews the formal institutional framework forimplementing rural development policies in Guatemala, which originatedin the State modernization process promoted through the Peace Accords.The main thesis is that rural development policies will be more efficientif they are based on the institutional framework that the Peace Accordsprovided, which distinguishes between three levels of government: central,deconcentrated and decentralized. While the two sub-national levelsexecute 43% of total public investment, central government needs to targetthe budget on poor zones, cut subsidies to…
This document analyses fiscal trends and policies for Caribbean countries. It is divided into six parts. Following the introduction, the second section focuses on trends in government revenue and examines the tax structure at the regional and country level. The third section describes the type of tax incentives granted by Caribbean
governments for sectoral development for selected country cases. The fourth part centres on government expenditure; describes the decomposition of government expenditure and analyses the behaviour of the components of government expenditure. The fifth section deals …