The Invisible Majority: what feminist economics can offer

The evolution of world income inequality: assessing the impact of globalization

Abstract In the last two centuries (1800-2000) the world has seen an unprecedented increase in the capacity to create material wealth and undergo technical change. At the same time, this is also a period of large disparities in income per head, living standards across (and within) countries and regions of the world. Large inequalities can eventually undermine global integration and social stability thus hampering long run growth prospects and the legitimacy of globalization. Global inequalities reflect both inequalities across nations, driven mainly by divergences in economic per…

Social dimensions of macroeconomic policy: report of the Executive Committee on Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations

Introduction The social agenda is long-term in nature, in the sense that poverty alleviation along with a better distribution of income, wealth and opportunities are long-term goals. A sound macroeconomic policy, on the other hand, has to do largely with the consistent management of short-term policy instruments pursuing a sustainable and predictable pace for aggregate economic variables and major prices (wages, inflation, interest rates and exchange rates). In spite of the different arena and rationale in which they play, there are strong links between the two. First and most obvious,…

Construir equidad desde la infancia y la adolescencia en Iberoamérica

Prólogo La Cumbre Iberoamericana de Jefes de Estado y de Gobierno,reunida en Panamá en noviembre de 2000, consagró buena parte de sus deliberaciones al tema de la infancia y la adolescencia. Reconoció así,la importancia de sus derechos,claramente consagrados en la Convención de los Derechos del Niño,suscrita por todos los países iberoamericanos.Igualmente,identificó los problemas prioritarios que enfrentan los niños,niñas y adolescentes y consignó,en la Declaración de Panamá 2000 las estrategias orientadas a solucionarlos. El establecimiento de tales prioridades hizo…

Building equity from the beginning: the children and adolescents of Ibero-America

Foreword The Ibero-American Summit of Heads of State and Government,which met in Panama in November 2000, devoted a good part of its deliberations to the subject o children and youth.It recognized the importance of their rights,as clearly enshrined in the Convention on the Rights of the Child,which all the Ibero-American countries have signed.It also identified the most urgent problems acing boys,girls and adolescents and,in the Panama Declaration 2000,set forth the strategies for resolving them. As these priorities were established,it became clear that there was a ne…

Construir eqüidade desde a infância e a adolescência na Ibero-América

Prólogo A Cimeira Ibero-Americana de Chefes de Estado e de Governo,reunida no Panamá em novembro do ano 2000,consagrou grande parte de suas deliberações ao tema da infância e adolescência.Reconheceu assim a importância dos seus direitos,claramente consagrados na Convenção dos Direitos da Criança,subscrita por todos os países ibero-americanos.Igualmente,identificou os problemas prioritários que as crianças e adolescentes enfrentam e na Declaração do Panamá 2000 deixou consignadas as estratégias orientadas a solucioná-los. O estabelecimento de tais prioridades tornou e…

ECLAC Inaugurates the Raúl Prebisch Chair

(23 August 2001) To commemorate the one hundredth anniversary of Prebisch's birth this year, ECLAC has created this position in his honour, which will be held by distinguished public figures involved in Latin American economics. The first Magisterial Lecture, called The Roots of Globalization, will be given by Brazilian economist Celso Furtado. It will begin at 5 p.m. in the Raúl Prebisch Conference Room at the Commission's headquarters, in Santiago, Chile. At 6:15 p.m., the exhibition Celso Furtado: Vocation Latin America will be officially opened.…

CEPAL inaugura Cátedra Raúl Prebisch

(22 de agosto, 2001) Con motivo de cumplirse en 2001 los cien años del nacimiento de Raúl Prebisch, la CEPAL ha querido instaurar esta cátedra, que se dictará periódicamente a partir de esta fecha y en la cual participarán destacadas personalidades del quehacer económico latinoamericano. La primera Conferencia Magistral, titulada "Las raíces de la globalización", será dictada por Celso Furtado, economista brasileño de dilatada trayectoria. Ésta comenzará a las 17:00 horas en la Sala Raúl Prebisch de la sede de la Comisión en Santiago, Chile. Posteriormente, a las&…

Thirty-third Board of Presiding Officers Meeting to be held in Port-of-Spain

Reformas de gestión en salud en América Latina

Tras un análisis conceptual del término cuasimercados, el artículo aborda cuatro experiencias de reforma de la gestión en salud en tres escenarios con diversa vigencia de los principios de solidaridad y universalidad del modelo de salud. En Chile los cambios se insertan en la reforma previa, la más radical de la región en cuanto a socavar la solidaridad y universalidad del modelo de salud. Se concluye que sería beneficioso consolidar los aspectos netamente de gestión para avanzar hacia el uso de precios administrados, tener información pertinente sobre la calidad y costos de las atenciones y c…

Reforming health-care management in Latin America

Following a conceptual analysis of the term quasi-market , this article will look at four national efforts to reform health-care management in what can be regarded, in respect of the degree of solidarity and universality applied, as three different health-care models. The changes in Chile are a continuation of the country's previous reform, which went further than any other in the region in undermining the solidarity and universality of the health-care model. The conclusion is that it would be beneficial to consolidate purely managerial aspects so that progress can be made with…

La estratificación social chilena hacia fines del siglo XX

Resumen La constatación de una distribución del ingreso concentrada y tendencialmente regresiva ha sido recurrentemente señalada como el principal déficit del estilo de desarrollo chileno. En este trabajo sostenemos que la pregunta más importante a este respecto no es tanto cuán distante es la participación en los ingresos de unos y otros individuos, sino cómo esa desigualdad se superpone a determinadas posiciones o roles, afectando sistemáticamente las probabilidades de movilidad social de los individuos que las ocupan. Más allá de las diferencias cuantitativas en las capacidade…

La distribución del ingreso en Uruguay 1986-1999: alternativas para su medición

Resumen En el presente trabajo se realiza una reseña de algunas opciones metodológicas previas a la estimación de medidas de desigualdad de los ingresos y más generalmente, a los estudios cuantitativos de equidad. Si bien el abanico de controversias sobre alternativas metodológicas cubre un mayor número de aspectos que los mencionados en este trabajo, se ha optado por escoger aquellos que suscitan mayor atención en la literatura y a los cuales son sensibles los datos uruguayos. Además, se incluye una aplicación para Uruguay para el período 1986-97. Las opciones abordadas refieren a las…

Equity, development and citizenship: abridged edition

Foreword The twenty-eighth session of ECLAC took place in Mexico City in April 2000 and thus was held at the start of both a new decade and a new century. This occasion prompted the secretariat to prepare Equity, Development and Citizenship, which provides a comprehensive view of the institution's thinking concerning the development challenges facing the region in the world of today. The present publication is an abridged version of that report.* This abridged volume is composed of three chapters. The first presents an overview of global trends together with the associated chall…

Aspectos económicos de la equidad de género

Presentación En la vigesimoséptima reunión de la Mesa Directiva de la Conferencia Regional sobre la Mujer de América Latina y el Caribe (San Salvador, El Salvador, 2 al 4 de diciembre de 1998); los países miembros de la Mesa acordaron que la octava Conferencia Regional (Lima, Perú, del 8 al 10 de febrero del año 2000); se aboque al análisis del tema 'Equidad de género: base de una sociedad justa y equitativa' y que, en este contexto, se analicen las áreas estratégicas I y V del Programa de Acción Regional para las Mujeres de América Latina y el Caribe, 1995-2001: a); equidad de géner…

The income distribution problem in Latin America and the Caribbean

Foreword At the start of the new decade,the debate on economic policy centres on the consequence of the reforms implemented in Latin America and the Caribbean in the last two decades.Trade and financial liberalization and the privatization of production activities have radically altered the rules of the game governing labour and business.The macroeconomic policy changes that accompanied or preceded the reforms sometimes strengthened the latter 's specific objectives, especially the growth of exports,but on other occasions they had the opposite effect.That combination of factors prompted t…

Evolución de la equidad en el sistema colombiano de salud

Resumen Las reformas a los sistemas de salud en el mundo, están a la orden del día; los desafíos que enfrentan los formuladores de política en casi todos los países, son bastante similares: hacer un sistema de salud en el que tanto la financiación como la prestación de servicios de salud sean equitativos; buscar un mejoramiento en la eficiencia tanto en la financiación como en el gasto sectorial; mejorar la calidad de los servicios de salud; y lograr sistemas de salud que sean viables y sostenibles financiera y políticamente (Hsiao, 1998);. El sistema de salud colombiano es uno de los que han …

Violence against women and “Male Marginalisation” in the Caribbean

The Latin American social agenda in the year 2000

Now that the 1990s have ended and a new millennium is dawning, the low rate of economic growth, the region's vulnerability to international financial instability and the limited progress made in terms of equity oblige us to reflect on the social agenda for the future. An important role in that agenda will continue to be played by the efforts to overcome poverty and indigence, conditioned to a large extent by the region's capacity for economic change and its dynamism in creating large numbers of jobs of higher quality in terms of productivity and income. At the same time, in view of t…

Old and new forms of citizenship

This article holds that ensuring the full sway of economic, social and cultural rights makes it possible to advance towards greater equality of opportunities, both for attaining well-being and for asserting differences in the field of identity. This development of the effective use of rights must be complemented with new forms of citizenship connected with the possibility of interaction with the media and greater participation in the knowledge-based society. Only in this way does it seem feasible to give an ethical foundation to social and development policies which have been deprived of ideol…