The eclac-Climate Impacts Assessment Model (CIAM) is a modelling platform that
has been created to assess the economic consequences of climate change in the
Caribbean. The model can be freely accessed, downloaded and even modified.
The version available is a full-fledged model which can readily be used to conduct
simulation exercises. This paper provides a general description of the model and
an illustrative simulation exercise. Our results from this exercise highlight the fact
that the Caribbean is a highly vulnerable region where climate change is expected
to generate sizeable and negative e…
This article presents the main results of the Programme for International Student
Assessment (PISA) for Costa Rica in 2009 and then goes on to analyse the gap
between the scores of students attending private schools and those attending public
schools. However, the estimation of an education production function using these
data shows that this gap is not entirely attributable to whether schools are public
or private, but that instead the students' family environment, personal traits and, in
particular, the student's grade level at the time that the PISA test was taken are all
quite in…
This article explores the connection between labour market segregation and
motherhood wage penalties in Argentina across the formal and informal sectors. It
uses ordinary least square and quantile regression estimation strategies and deploys
Blinder-Oaxaca and Ñopo decompositions to identify sources of wage differences.
The finding is that there is strong evidence of labour market segmentation and that
motherhood wage penalties differ substantively across the sectors and between
different wage quantiles. In particular, formal-sector working mothers do not
experience wage penalties, while infor…
Working from home is an option that differs from other forms of employment. This
type of employment is driven not only by globalization and outsourcing, but also by
unequal gender relationships within the home. Two multi-logistic regressions were
used to determine how the distribution of in-home working arrangements differs by
sex and by male/female age range, level of education, marital status and degree of
urbanization of the place of residence. The results suggest that these characteristics
have a differential influence on men's and women's employment decisions. The
results also i…
Regional and productive inequality may stem from the agricultural modernization
process, in which some agents are able to incorporate and absorb technological
content, while others are excluded, not only from the innovative organizational
environment, but also from learning processes and the dissemination of new
production techniques and knowledge. This paper analyses family farming, by
making comparisons in regional terms and by groups of producers using high,
medium and low technology. It also calculates the productive inequality index (Gini
coefficient of gross income) of the north, north-e…
No pricing system is likely to be able to do away with congestion in port cargo
transfer operations at peak times, since port use is determined not so much by
seasonal factors as, first and foremost, by the simultaneous arrival of vessels, which
results in rationing. This article shows that rationing, to be efficient, needs to go by
the value of the cargo transferred rather than following a first-come-first-served rule.
It demonstrates that efficient rationing gives priority to containerized cargo, followed
by break bulk cargo, with bulk cargo in last place. These findings are applied to
cargo…
This article analyses the performance of transnational corporations in Chilean
manufacturing industry. The findings show that while the productivity of subsidiaries
of foreign-owned firms is higher than that of local firms, the same is not true of
productivity growth. They also show that there are no significant differences in
market survival rates between transnational corporations and local firms. However,
firms under mainly foreign ownership that are small and have low productivity are
more likely to exit the market, displaying more footloose behaviour than their local
counterparts. This is…
Previous studies about the relationship between the cyclical components of Mexico's
output and unemployment suggest that it closely resembles that found in the
economy of the United States of America. This would indicate that the dynamics
between output and labour markets in the two economies are rather similar. However,
these estimates are puzzling for they do not correspond to a characterization made
to Mexico's labour market. Using a methodology first proposed by Clark (1989),
we find that the correlation between the transitory components of output and
unemployment is much lower t…
This article presents and discusses empirical evidence on external technology
absorption facilitated by activities performed inside firms. Indicators of internal
and external learning are developed and applied in statistical causality models, to
distinguish possible ways in which technology can be absorbed. Industrial activity
sectors at the three-digit level of the National Classification of Economic Activities
(NACE) are the basic reference units of the research, which uses the information
generated by Brazil's Survey of Technological Innovation (PINTEC). The results show
that in-house …
Esta propuesta regional de estrategia para la implementación del Sistema de Cuentas Ambientales Económicas 2012 (SCAE) tiene por finalidad promover en los países de América Latina la preparación de proyectos y planes de incorporación del SCAE en sus sistemas estadísticos nacionales.…
The Macroeconomics for development blue print for Latin America and the Caribbean is articulated around two issues: an active strategy of productive development and a counter cyclical policy stance. Macroeconomic counter cyclicality refers to the management of the level of aggregate demand to dampen the fluctuations and volatility of real and nominal variables around their long-term trends. This paper argues that cycle and trend are interdependent and that, as a result, counter cyclical policies (i.e., aggregate demand policies) are not neutral to the long-run behaviour of economies.…
En el presente documento se examina el surgimiento reciente de varias negociaciones comerciales conocidas como “megarregionales”, las que apuntan a crear espacios económicos integrados de vasto alcance, tanto asiáticos como transatlánticos y transpacíficos. Las negociaciones megarregionales involucran a economías que representan proporciones importantes del producto, la población, el comercio y la inversión extranjera directa mundiales. Estas iniciativas responden en gran medida a las transformaciones acontecidas en las últimas décadas en la organización de la producción y el comercio mundial,…
Esta investigación tiene el objetivo principal de identificar las relaciones
entre la recepción de remesas internacionales y el nivel de pobreza de los
hogares en Haití. La metodología se basa en las técnicas econométricas
del Propensity Score Matching (PSM), aplicado a la última encuesta de
hogares de Haití (Enquête Budget Consommation des Ménages, EBCM,
1999-2000). Las remesas representan cerca del 21% del PIB de Haití y se
busca evaluar sus efectos a nivel microeconómico en los hogares, así
como su capacidad de revertir o mitigar la incidencia de pobreza (57,8%
de los hogares), en el único …
Tariffs and non-tariff barriers having been reduced, the international community seeks to lower other trade transaction costs that are greater in developing countries. As a fruit of the effort, the WTO launched Aid for Trade (AfT) initiatives in 2005. Due to the considerable amount of AfT, there have been discussions on its effectiveness. This study continues the debate by analyzing the impact of AfT on reducing the cost and time to trade in 30 Latin American and Caribbean countries, where 10% of AfT is destined, for the period between 2004-2010, deploying a panel data fixed-effects model.…
En este documento se ofrece un panorama general de los progresos internacionales realizados en materia de derechos humanos de las personas mayores durante el último tiempo. Esta descripción y análisis se complementan con datos empíricos acerca de los problemas concretos que enfrenta este grupo social para ejercer sus derechos alrededor del mundo. Se documentan además los esfuerzos que se están desarrollando desde distintos ámbitos institucionales para solucionarlos, y se analizan las limitaciones y desafíos para continuar avanzando en el tema, poniendo acento en las propuestas para mejorar su …
El documento ofrece lineamientos generales para incluir la identificación étnica en los registros de
salud de los países de América Latina y el Caribe, para lo que toma en consideración las experiencias
iniciadas por algunos de ellos, que se describen en detalle en uno de los anexos. El propósito de este
trabajo es realizar un aporte a las oficinas de estadística y los organismos del Estado responsables de
los sistemas de información en materia de salud que deciden afrontar la tarea de incorporar preguntas
para la visibilización de los pueblos indígenas y afrodescendientes en estas fuentes de …
Recently, Latin American countries have had to face the challenges of improving social inclusion and economic redistribution while consolidating democratic institutions after long periods of authoritarian regimes in many of them. Addressing pressure for social inclusion was all the more difficult, since these societies are characterized by some of the worst income disparities in the world and high degrees of labor market informality.
After the 70’s, the massive explosion of social demands in the transition to democracy transformed the region into a social laboratory aiming to promote social in…
En el Anuario Estadístico de América Latina y el Caribe de la CEPAL se presenta un conjunto de estadísticas básicas que caracterizan la situación económica, sociodemográfica y ambiental de la región referidas a un período en particular. Esta información es parte del conjunto de estadísticas disponibles en CEPALSTAT, el portal de bases de datos y publicaciones estadísticas de la CEPAL.
La presente edición del Anuario contiene datos que se encontraban disponibles hasta mediados de diciembre de 2013. Como novedad se han incluido perfiles regionales a modo de resumen para cada una de las áreas, a …
El comercio internacional está cada vez más articulándose en torno a las llamadas cadenas globales de valor, cuyo desarrollo ha llevado a que los bienes intermedios ganen crecientemente importancia en el vínculo comercial entre los países. La evidencia disponible respecto al funcionamiento de estas cadenas indica que se trataría de un fenómeno principalmente regional, en la medida que las mismas se concentran geográficamente en América del Norte, la Unión Europea y Asia del Este, organizadas en torno a los Estados Unidos, Alemania y Japón y China, respectivamente. Este sesgo regional que carac…
Un desafío importante que todavía enfrentan los países de América Latina y el Caribe es el de lograr un mayor desarrollo de sus sistemas financieros, entendiendo por esto en primer lugar la capacidad de los mismos de canalizar el ahorro hacia el financiamiento productivo y la inversión ―contribuyendo de esa forma al logro de mayores tasas de crecimiento en las economías― y en segundo lugar la capacidad de ser inclusivos brindando acceso a servicios financieros a mayores segmentos del entramado productivo y de los hogares que hoy en día permanecen por fuera.
Un sistema financiero más desarrolla…
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