The Mexico-United States border region comprises one of the most dynamic and complex industrial areas in the world. The region is characterized by high population growth and increasing urbanization and industrialization, all of which is taking place in a context of rapid political and economic change (Rincón, 2000). The Mexico-located maquila in-bond industry is a key player in this development. In the 1993-98 period, the maquilas accounted for 41.5% of the average Mexican export value (Dussel, 2000), and in the 1994-2000 period its share of foreign direct investment grew from 6% to 21…
This article quantifies Brazil's loss of U.S. market share to Mexico between 1992 and 2001 as a result of the entry into force of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA);. An expanded version of the constant market share model was used to calculate gains and losses in the competitiveness of Brazilian exports to the United States, by product and by competitor, for subperiods between 1992 and 2001. The model showed Mexico to be the country to which Brazil lost the most market share in the United States between 1992 and 1996. Exchange rate variations and preferential tariff treatment…
1 Abr 2002, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:04
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In this issue of Gender Dialogue, we wish to congratulate Ms. Ingrid Charles-
Gumbs, St. Kitts and Nevis; Ms. Miriam Roache, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, and Ms. Lera Pascal, Saint Lucia, on the assumption of the
positions of heads of the national machineries in those countries. One of the
purposes of this newsletter is networking and we are therefore providing some
information on these three new officers, in our ‘Profiles of the new Heads of the
national machineries for women’. We have also invited some of the “older
hands” to share some of their experiences as head of national machineri…
1 Abr 2002, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:02
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Abstract This study identifies and discusses sociodemographic structures, processes and trends that entail risks for individuals, households and communities in the small island developing States of the Caribbean, on the basis of the analysis of the environmental, geographical, economic and institutional vulnerability of these States conducted by ECLAC in the document Equity, development and citizenship, which was presented at the twenty-eighth session of the Commission. The analysis focuses on three sociodemographic issues. First, fertility, which continues to occur early and at high rates am…
6 Nov 2002, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:11
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This study is a measure of the impact of the yachting sector in Saint Lucia specific to the
terms of reference as presented by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the
Caribbean (ECLAC). This study is part of the project: Development of a Subregional Marinebased
Tourism Strategy, co-funded by the Government of the Netherlands, which is aimed at the
development of sustainable yachting in the Eastern Caribbean and focuses on the island arc from
the British Virgin Islands in the north to Trinidad and Tobago in the south. This study was
compiled based on information gathered through inter…
1 Mar 2002, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:10
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Abstract The internationalisation of the euro is in its initial stages and it is still difficult to draw any definitive conclusions regarding its scope and its implications for Latin America. Indeed, the emergence of an internationally used currency is slow and subject to inertial forces. Nonetheless, several fairly robust conclusions can be inferred from the results of the document. The most plausible medium- to long-term international scenario seems to be development of an asymmetrical duopoly between the euro and the dollar. In a context of scant international monetary cooperation, th…
1 Nov 2002, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:09
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Abstract This paper examines the anatomy of the pervasive current job cuts and job losses occuring in multinational enterprises. It raises the question of the social and economic costs to countries and workers around the globe, and specifically in Latin America and the Caribbean. It analyzes the growing disempowerment of national authorities in the face of the significant growth and concentration of multinational corporations and their penetration in Latin America and combines current job cut information assembled by the author with the ECLAC Investment and Corporate Strategies Database for…
1 Ago 2002, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:04
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Abstract
Behind the discussion on optimal exchange-rate regimes lies the need to achieve external and internal equilibrium, and thus create an appropriate macroeconomic climate for sustained growth and development. The optimality and feasibility of exchange-rate regimes in individual Latin American and Caribbean countries must take into consideration several parameters linked to microeconomics, open macroeconomics, and political economy aspects. More recently, the discussion has incorporated the regional dimension and the possibility of joining monetary unions to the set of feasible national s…
1 Abr 2002, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:02
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We are witnessing the disappearance of the traditional
paradigm that viewed the structural position as the
determining factor in shaping collective action and social
actors. Because of the structural and cultural changes that
have occurred in the world and the region -the
transformation of Latin America's weak national Statecentred
industrial society and the break-up of the traditional
relationships between State and society- collective action
is tending to take shape mainly along four axes: political
democratization; social democratization or the struggle
against exclusion and for citize…
1 Abr 2002, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:09
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This article looks at some methodological issues that confront development research when local institutions are studied.It considers ways of formulating working concepts that are useful for obtaining information on institutions and their dynamic processes in relation to the economic activities of rural households.It presents and evaluates some quantitative and qualitative methods on the basis of case studies in Mexico and India,and considers the scope and limitations of these.The conclusion is that a flexible, multidisciplinary conceptual and methodological framework is needed to understand th…
1 Abr 2002, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:03
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In the 1990s,Argentina received large amounts of foreign direct investment and the participation of multinational companies in the country's economy increased significantly. As during the import substitution industrialization period, the basic goal of multinationals is still to exploit the domestic market.Two differences from that period can be observed, however:access to the Brazilian market allows for greater economies of scale and specialization,and increased competition in many tradable sectors is forcing subsidiaries to bring their operations closer to international best practice. Th…
1 Mar 2002, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:02
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Mutual Confidence and Transparency in Defence Spending Between Chile and Argentina Education and the Labour Market: Latin America is Falling Behind Op-ed of ECLAC's Executive Secretary, José Antonio Ocampo: Lessons from the Argentine Crisis Highlights. Financial Volatility and Investment: Latin America at the Start of a New Millennium Indicators Time for a World Environmental Organization Recent titles Calendar of activities…
2 Ene 2002, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:04
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Executive Summary The global economy is experiencing a recession, which originated in the United States and is affecting developed and developing economies alike. Between the second and third quarter of 2001, the United States GDP growth rate decreased from 2.6 per cent to 1.2 per cent. For the same period, the European Union's GDP growth rate declined from 2.4 per cent to 1.7 per cent. For Latin America and the Caribbean the growth will fall from 4 per cent in 2000 to 1 per cent in 2001. A central issue regarding the current recession is whether it will be short lived or rather …
1 Ago 2002, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:11
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This article analyses the effects of the economic reforms applied by Latin American countries during the second half of the 1980s and after.In order to include the reform indices among the elements determining the per capita gross domestic product,in accordance with neoclassical growth models,the authors start by analysing the institutional nature of these reforms.The econometric analysis,carried out for a set of 17 Latin American countries for the 1970- 1995 period,revealed that the five reform areas studied significantly affected GDP.On the basis of empirical analysis,it can be concluded tha…
28 Jun 2002, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:11
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Developed countries have for a long time collected statistics on science and technology (S&T); activities and their contribution to development and have also focused on how interpretation of these statistics could inform policy. In addition, these indicators, as they are called, have been used to determine and compare the relative positions of the various countries in the global economy. For such comparisons to be meaningful, however, it was necessary to standardize the units and methodologies. That process led to the development and adoption of a number of manuals, namely, Frascati, Oslo …
1 Ago 2002, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:09
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Financial liberalization and the lifting of capital market restrictions have brought in foreign investment and made more financing available for investment projects,but at the same time have made it easier for financial crises originating in Latin America or elsewhere to spread.Such crises became more frequent in the 1990s,and as a result a more careful study was made of the impact of capital flow instability on investment.Hypotheses derived from theoretical procedures were checked against econometric exercises showing that capital flows have a positive impact,but that negative consequences ar…
1 Ago 2002, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:02
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This article presents a model for dealing systematically with the different matters associated with policies for developing the infrastructure necessary to support a digital economy, identifying the roles of the State and the private sector in this respect.It also describes the main initiatives taken in terms of creating and improving the infrastructure and content in the case of Chile,which illustrates the recent progress made in developing the country 's digital economy and the challenges still pending in this field.There is general agreement that Chile must move closer to those countri…
1 Abr 2002, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:11
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This article looks at some of the most significant
contributions to the contemporary Latin American debate
on citizenship. The subject has taken on central importance
in the justification of public policy throughout the continent,
chiefly because it allows the approach taken to the social
question to be based on active integration of economic, social
and cultural phenomena, and makes it possible to address
aspects of life in society -such as gender, ethnic and
environmental conflicts- that pose major challenges for
political regimes and for economic stability. Following an
introductory section…
Latin America is going through a simultaneous process of population ageing and growing predominance of precarious employment conditions which poses a challenge for contributory pension systems. The solvency of the basic pillars of the unfunded system is being affected by the long-standing decline in the number of active persons whose contributions finance the benefits of retirees. The benefits of the individually funded systems are sensitive to the density of contributions needed to accumulate capital and finance pensions for members with increasingly long life expectancies. This study describ…
This paper explores the reasons for the success of the new technologies and examines the uses to which the technology is put. Discusses the need for education and human resource development if the computer and other technologies are to be productively utilised in agriculture, industry and other areas.…