Em sua edição número 70, que corresponde a 2018, o Estudo Econômico da América Latina e do Caribe consta de três partes. A primeira resume o desempenho da economia regional durante 2017 e analisa sua evolução durante os primeiros meses de 2018, bem como as perspectivas para o ano inteiro. Examina os fatores externos e internos que incidiram no desempenho econômico da região, analisa as características do crescimento econômico e a evolução dos preços e do mercado de trabalho e destaca as características e alguns desafios para as políticas macroeconômicas num contexto externo caracterizado por c…
In an international context marked by uncertainty and volatility, the economies of Latin America and the Caribbean will grow 1.5% on average in 2018, thanks to a rebound in domestic demand, private consumption especially, and a slight increase in investment, ECLAC indicated in a new annual report.
The Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean 2018 – one of the organization’s most traditional publications, issued uninterruptedly since the year of its founding (1948) – was released today during a press conference at ECLAC’s Subregional Headquarters in Mexico, in Mexico City, by its Exec…
En un contexto internacional marcado por la incertidumbre y la volatilidad, las economías de América Latina y el Caribe crecerán 1,5% en promedio en 2018, gracias a un repunte de la demanda interna, especialmente del consumo privado, y un leve aumento de la inversión, señaló la CEPAL en un nuevo informe anual.
El Estudio Económico de América Latina y el Caribe 2018, una de las publicaciones más tradicionales del organismo -editada ininterrumpidamente desde el año de su fundación (1948)- fue dado a conocer hoy en una conferencia de prensa en la Sede Subregional de la CEPAL en México, en Ciudad …
Em um contexto internacional marcado pela incerteza e pela volatilidade, as economias da América Latina e do Caribe crescerão em média 1,5% em 2018, graças a um aumento da demanda interna, especialmente do consumo privado, e um leve aumento do investimento, indicou a CEPAL em um novo relatório anual.
O Estudo Econômico da América Latina e do Caribe 2018, uma das publicações mais tradicionais da CEPAL - publicada ininterruptamente desde o ano de sua fundação (1948) - foi divulgado hoje em uma coletiva de imprensa na sede sub-regional da CEPAL na Cidade do México, pela Secretária-Executiva, Alic…
This paper investigates the effects of health-care expenditures on child mortality rates using a simultaneous-equation model for 93 developed and developing countries with data spanning the period 1995–2012. The findings show that health expenditure has a positive effect on reducing child mortality only for upper-middle-income and high-income countries, whereas for low-income and lower-middle-income countries, health spending does not have a significant impact on child health status. It is also found that at lower development levels, public health spending has a greater effect on mortality rat…
The opportunities for innovation that arise from natural-resource production are associated with the formation of knowledge networks that facilitate learning both within and outside the sectors in question. This article identifies the types of knowledge networks associated with innovation activities in the natural-resource domain using four case studies from the region: the livestock sector in Argentina, the mining sector in Chile, agriculture in Paraguay and forestry in Uruguay. The results show that, in all four cases, natural-resource producers form networks in which scientific knowledge is…
In this study, technical progress is analysed in terms of its influence on the mix of inputs of labour, capital and energy that go into the production of gross domestic product (GDP) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The results of this analysis show that the Brazilian economy exhibited a Marx-biased pattern of technical progress during the period under study. Within the framework of this overall pattern, however, three different phases of technical progress in Brazil can be identified. Between 1970 and 1980, a Marx-biased pattern was observed, followed by the stagnation of technical progres…
This article analyses the Chilean government’s response to the 1999 recession that followed on from the Asian financial crisis, focusing on the macroeconomic policy reforms adopted and the institutional factors that influenced this response. The analysis is based on a review of previous research on the topic and suggests that some fiscal and monetary policies adopted during 1997−1998 exacerbated the effects of what were initially external shocks. However, fiscal discipline and the robust public institutions developed before and after the recession strengthened Chilean social protection policie…
This paper identifies potential for trade between Colombia and the European Union following the implementation of a free trade agreement as from 2013. Predictions of potential are based on estimates produced by the Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood estimator applied to a gravity model, controlling for unobserved omitted variable bias with exporter and importer time-varying fixed effects on a sample of 153 countries, from 1980 to 2012. Untapped potential is found in both directions of trade flows. The results could increase the effectiveness of trade policy and define companies’ expansion plans…
This study explores how deindustrialization is influencing the labour market in El Salvador. The variables under analysis are disaggregated by sex in order to permit an analysis of the differences in the ways that women and men react to deindustrialization. The results indicate that deindustrialization has led to a decline in quality employment and an upswing in self-employment, at the same time that the female labour force participation rate has risen and the male participation rate has fallen. This all occurred in parallel with the economic measures introduced in the 1990s and reflects the r…
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