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The Hummingbird Vol. 8 No. 8
Afrodescendants and the matrix of social inequality in Latin America: challenges for inclusion. Summary
This document, a summary of the study “Afrodescendientes y la matriz de la desigualdad social en América Latina: retos para la inclusión”, provides new and updated information on the living conditions of Afrodescendants. Progress has been made in various areas of development, but not enough to overcome the racism and deep structural inequalities that still exist. These findings highlight the urgent challenges facing States and society at large. Accordingly, a set of policy recommendations is offered for consideration in the necessary processes of transformation and deepening of democracy in th…
The Hummingbird Vol. 8 No. 4
The 2020 census round: challenges of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Sustainable Development Goals and the Montevideo Consensus on Population and Development
This document reports the recommendations made by the countries on the potential of the 2020 census round to measure the indicators of the agendas of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Montevideo Consensus on Population and Development. An analytical proposal prepared by the Latin American and Caribbean Demographic Centre (CELADE) and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) (as part of an activity of the Development Account Programme on Statistics and Data 2016-2019) was presented in Panama on 22–24 November 2016, through the Working Group on Censuses of the Statistical Confer…
The impact of COVID-19 on indigenous peoples in Latin America (Abya Yala): Between invisibility and collective resistance
The health and socioeconomic crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic has hit the countries of Latin America hard and laid bare the profound inequities about which numerous international, regional and national reports have sounded warnings in recent decades. In this context, the historical political and economic exclusion and marginalization of the more than 800 indigenous peoples in the region has been accentuated as a result of insufficient State responses to the crisis, which have not adequately considered the collective rights of these peoples and have had little cultural relevance. This …
Non-Communicable Diseases and their Impact on Sustainable Development
Demographic Observatory of Latin America and the Caribbean 2020. COVID-19 mortality: Evidence and scenarios
This edition of the Demographic Observatory analyses the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on mortality in the countries of the region. In addition, by means of a simulation exercise based on different scenarios of COVID-19 prevalence rates, it estimates the impact of COVID-19-related deaths on life expectancy at birth for the 38 countries and territories of Latin America and the Caribbean. The information used to prepare this edition of the Demographic Observatory corresponds to official information on deaths and causes of death available at 31 October 2020, as well as population …
Statistical disclosure control for Caribbean census tables: A proposal to expand the availability of disaggregated census data
Among Caribbean statistical offices, there is widespread awareness of the issue of statistical confidentiality which has often led to quite strong restrictions on the availability of detailed and disaggregated census tables. In North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand, statistical offices use disclosure control methods, particularly methods involving some form of data perturbation, to safely publish detailed and disaggregated census tables. These methods are not used in the Caribbean (or Latin America) but could safely facilitate the release of much more detailed census tables than has…
People of African descent and COVID-19: unveiling structural inequalities in Latin America
COVID-19 is exposing social inequalities of all kinds in the world and the region, as well as the overrepresentation of Afrodescendants among the group living in poverty who are employed in informal and caregiving jobs. As Afrodescendants have worse indicators of well-being than their non-Afrodescendent peers, they are seen as one of the groups most vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic, in terms of both infection and mortality. Accordingly, this document analyses the specific situation of Afrodescendent populations and the effects that COVID-19 might be having on them, based on up-to-date empir…
The Hummingbird Vol. 8 No. 1
The health economy in Mexico
The global health crisis caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the important connection between the economy and health. This relationship exists at the microeconomic, macroeconomic and institutional levels, as health markets tend to suffer from market failures; health expenditure tends to increase as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), and its financing has long-term implications for public finances. In the case of Mexico, the creation of a public health system that is segmented —as a result of the social protection scheme applied since 1943, which has…
Brazil: the effects of COVID-19 and recovery
This article analyses the effects of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on Brazil’s population and economy, including its high mortality rate per 100,000 inhabitants and its slow stabilization. A brief comparison is made with what is happening in a similar Latin American country, Argentina, where the results in terms of mortality per 100,000 inhabitants have been better, and in France, where the recovery has been more robust. The article also assesses the efficiency of expenditures and notes that the comparison is also not favourable for Brazil. Lastly, it addresses the problem of financing and ar…
Challenges for the protection of older persons and their rights during the COVID-19 pandemic
The health and economic crisis like no other in the past 100 years that has been caused by coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has thrown socioeconomic inequalities and unequal access to health and social protection services into even sharper relief. It has also posed socioeconomic challenges that expose the most vulnerable groups in the population to even more severe risks and adversities than they were already facing. One of the most vulnerable groups is older persons, whose quality of life and rights are being directly impacted by the pandemic. Scientific evidence on the evolution of the pandemi…
The Hummingbird Vol. 7 No. 12
The impact of COVID-19: An opportunity to reaffirm the central role of migrants’ human rights in sustainable development
In terms of migration, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has come at a time already characterized by involuntary migration and growing intraregional movements, resulting in a migrant population estimated at more than 40 million. This situation has been marked by increased emigration from the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, a new migration route from Haiti to South America, and various vulnerabilities associated with the route that crosses Central America, Mexico and the United States. During a pandemic, the vulnerabilities that pervade the migration cycle are heightened, such as th…