1 Ago 1998, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:10
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Almost 60% of the biggest non-financial groups in Mexico carry on at least two types of activities in transnational markets. This article describes and analyses the various internationalization paths and strategies of Mexican firms. This drive for internationalization is taking place against the background of an open export-oriented economy and growing integration with the United States and Canada. There are various national and international factors, as well as others specific to the firms themselves, which influence the strategies chosen and their results. This article consists of an introdu…
Summary The first section sets out the historical background to the features of regional integration in Latin America between 1960 and 1990. The integration style of this region reflected the protected development models of the period, and developed slowly during the years 1960-1980. The period 1980-1990, known as the lost decade in Latin America, is then examined, bringing to light on the one hand the retreat of economic integration in the region and on the other the beginnings of a process of political democratization which was to set the stage for renewed progress towards integration …
This article aims to classify and analyze the efforts at structural change made in the Brazilian motor industry between 1990 and 1996, seeking to relate them with the economic policy measures which had most impact on the sector. The study begins by examining the explosive increase in domestic demand for motor vehicles, its determining factors, and its main implications, especially the achievement of efficient scales of production and the initiation of a wave of investments which has been further intensified in the last three years. It goes on to study the increase in the technological dynamism…
Processes of adjustment and restructuring of the production sectors to a new system of macroeconomic incentives are slow, costly and more inefficient than conventional microeconomic theory would lead one to suppose. In this article, the authors explore the process of the restructuring of production of a Chilean metal products and machinery company and the way it gradually modified its operations from the 1970s onwards, adapting them to new macroeconomic and mesoeconomic signals. As is well known, in the last two decades the system off incentives and the regulatory framework for production acti…
1 Ago 1996, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:09
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Publicación
The Caribbean countries are acutely conscious of their small size, whether judged by one or all of the criteria of land area, population or gross domestic product (GDP);. Paradoxically, this impels them to join a larger trading group for fear that they might otherwise be denied a place in the mainstream of international activity. This article analyses several characteristics of small countries, with particular attention to those that seem especially relevant to the Caribbean. The paper notes that small size does indeed place greater demands on the national leadership as regards appropriate and…
Trade among the ALADI countries has grown with exceptional vigour so far in the 1990s, especially in the branches of metal products, machinery and equipment, chemical products, and foodstuffs, beverages and tobacco. In order for this dynamic growth to be sustainable in the long term, these countries must develop their intra-industry trade by promoting reciprocal supply in those branches. The bulk of transnational productive capital in Latin America is concentrated in those branches, and it is in the metal products, machinery and equipment sector that the swiftest increase in intra-industry tra…
1 Abr 1995, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:10
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Publicación
Most studies of the region's economy say little or nothing about the status of its environment and natural resources; few references are made to the environmental quality of population centres or to fluctuations in natural resource stocks, especially of renewable resources, despite their crucial importance for the region's development options. The no more than moderate pace of the region's absorption of technical progress, the intensification of its international trade and the declining value of the region's products in the international marketplace have all brought increas…
Dear Executive Secretaries of the sister UN Regional Economic Commissions,
Dear Selwin Hart, UN Assistant Secretary-General for the Climate Action Team (CAT)
Dear Thilmeeza Hussain, Director of the Regional Commissions New York Office,
Distinguished guests, colleagues, and participants,
Welcome to this side-event on how Critical Energy Transition Minerals can accelerate progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), convened under the auspices of the United Nations Regional Economic Commissions.
Today, we gather to address a defining challenge of our time: powering and enabling the…
25 Abr 2024, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:04
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Publicación
This report presents significant findings from the Regional Digital Trade Integration Index (RDTII), highlighting similarities and differences among the economies of Latin America and the Caribbean. After introducing the Digital Trade Integration database and the methodology used in RDTII, the report outlines the main index scores by country and pillar. Jamaica, with the lowest score of 0.14, has the most open regulatory environment for digital trade in the region, whereas Cuba, with the highest score of 0.62, has a regulatory environment that is quite restrictive. The report also summarizes t…
7 Nov 2022, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:10
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Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os possíveis impactos econômicos sobre o Brasil de três grandes acordos comerciais regionais firmados recentemente: a Parceria Econômica Regional Abrangente (RCEP – em inglês, Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership); o Acordo Abrangente e Progressivo para a Parceria Transpacífica (CPTPP – em inglês, Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership); e o Acordo da Zona de Livre Comércio da África Continental (ZLCAC – em inglês, African Continental Free Trade Area). A avaliação é feita com base no Projeto de Análise de Comércio Glob…
This research looks at Latin America and the Caribbean exports trajectory in the United States market in the almost two decades that followed China's accession to the WTO and compares it with that followed by China and other regions. The analysis exploits product-level United States imports data collected from the United States Census Bureau. The dataset contains information on more than 30.000 products per year for almost 200 countries.…
1 Jun 2017, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:10
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Publicación
Regional economic integration is stronger when complementarity and synergy effects are generated between “de jure” economic integration and close economic relations achieved autonomously through market-led /business-driven integration. This observation is important when we consider bringing closer the economic ties between Asia Pacific and Latin America. Japan has a large potential to contribute to the development of such economic ties. This is precisely because of the unique position that Japan has long retained both in East Asia and Latin America, and its catalytic role for the process of in…
Innovation and internationalization in services are key drivers of structural transformation, productivity growth and overall economic performance in Latin America. The services sector accounts for two thirds of the region’s GDP and provides over 60% of its employment. These shares are higher than in other developing regions, but still lower than in countries with higher levels of per capita income.
The spread of information and communication technologies in Latin America over the past three decades has vastly enhanced both the tradability of services and the sector’s propensity to innovate. L…
1 Mar 2015, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:02
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Publicación
Despite its active embrace of trade liberalization and the maintainance of relatively open economies, CARICOM trade performance both within the region and extraregionally has been poor. The nexus between bilateral Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), Partial Scope Agreements (PSAs) and preferential trade arrangements, which was intended to assist in compensating for the small size of domestic and regional markets, while providing an additional tier of trade and economic integration, has thus far failed to deliver its intended results. This paper makes this conclusion in assessing the performance of t…
1 Nov 2013, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:04
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The increasing prominence of developing countries in the world economy reects not only their economic dynamism but also stronger links through increased South-South trade, investment and cooperation. Developing countries in both Latin America and East Asia must act proactively to prepare themselves for this new scenario, adjusting their policies and strategies so as to take advantage of the growing potential of South-South links. In this regard, authorities from both regions should redouble their efforts to identify and capitalize upon their potential complementarities, by creating biregional …
1 Ago 2013, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:04
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This study analyses how far the strong expansion of Argentine exports since
2003 has been due simply to favourable external conditions and how industrial
manufactures have behaved. It finds that the country's pattern of international
specialization has not greatly altered at the major category level, but that both
primary products and manufactures of agricultural origin, which account for much of
the trade surplus, have undergone significant changes in composition. In addition,
regional trade has consolidated and traditional partners such as the European Union
and the United States have b…
The following articles provide the results of the analysis of innovation surveys in 5 Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Uruguay. Those countries account for the 80% of total regional manufacturing value added and offer a good proxy of regional manufacturing performance. The diversity and the heterogeneity of these countries allow to grasp eventual asymmetries in innovative conducts and National Innovation Systems between small and big size economies, different specialization patterns, low and medium income economies and to take into account potential differences be…
1 Jun 2011, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:01
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This book is the final report of the ECLAC-IDRC project Observatory for the Information Society in Latin American and the Caribbean OSILAC, which aims at understanding the dynamics of the ICT evolution and revolution and producing evidence on its potential to promote socio-economic development. As such, microdata analysis drawn from National Household Surveys and National Innovation Surveys in Latin America were used in the framework of the project in the attempt to reach those objectives. Both statistical information sources provide attractive potentialities in order to investigate not only d…
1 Mayo 2011, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:10
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This paper analyzes Raúl Prebisch's less familiar contributions to economic theory, related to the business cycle, and heavily informed by the Argentinean experience. His views of the cycle emphasize the common nature of the cycle in the center and the Latin American periphery as one unified phenomenon. While his rejection of orthodoxy is less than complete, some elements of what would become a more Keynesian position are developed. In particular, a preoccupation with the management of the balance of payments and the need for capital controls as a macroeconomic management tool, considerab…
One of the drivers of economic growth is innovation, which raisesproductivity by creating new production methods, technologies, productsand firms. This article examines an instrument that supports this process,venture capital, and highlights the need for a financing system coveringeach phase of innovation. It starts by illustrating Latin America's innovationdeficit. It then proceeds to a general analysis of the difficulties affecting thefinancing of innovation and the provision of venture capital to overcomethese. It goes on to examine the form taken by these obstacles in theregion and, c…