Regional integration has once again become an important issue for Latin America and the Caribbean. Compared with previous experiences, however, recent integration commitments have a number of new aspects in such areas as negotiating procedures, the issues involved in the various agreements -some of which are as unprecedented as the adoption of common currencies, the creation of binational companies, common labour laws, etc.- and the actual timing of these steps. Among the various integration initiatives now being pursued, four are particularly important by virtue of the relative weight of the …
Las estrategias de desarrollo de la mayoría de los países latinoamericanos han experimentado un vuelco notable en los últimos años. Este vuelco se ha traducido en una creciente neutralidad de los incentivos que se otorgan en la aplicación de la política comercial, con el objetivo de dar prioridad al mercado como mecanismo asignador de recursos y con la expectativa de que oriente en mayor medida al aparato productivo hacia las exportaciones. Este artículo reseña tales cambios y, al hacer una evaluación de los resultados ya obtenidos, y de la coherencia de las políticas, señala que su impacto so…
Este artículo pone de relieve la necesidad de complementar las políticas macroeconómicas de estabilización, desregulación y apertura con otras políticas macroeconómicas y microeconómicas que revitalicen el crecimiento y la competitividad de los países de la región. En el ámbito nacional, a nivel macroeconómico, es preciso elevar el ahorro interno y canalizarlo hacía la inversión productiva en el contexto local. A nivel microeconómico hay que desarrollar y consolidar en los países un sistema innovador de carácter genérico, que apoye la transformación productiva de la economía y la transición ha…
The renewed interest sparked by the potential for intraregional cooperation in Latin America and the Caribbean today has been reflected in numerous agreements regarding trade preferences and in attempts to establish free trade areas, customs unions or common markets. The possibility has even been discussed of setting up free trade arrangements on a hemispheric scale. This plethora of proposals inevitably raises a great many questions. What is the reason for this renewed interest? Are the differences between the schemes of today and those of the 1960s and 1970s significant enough to avert the o…
A major shift has been observed in the development strategies of most of the Latin American countries in recent years. One sign of this change has been that the countries have increased the neutrality of their trade policy incentives in an effort to give greater priority to the market as a resource-allocation mechanism; it is also hoped that this will result in a more export-oriented production apparatus. The authors review these changes and, in assessing the results to date and the consistency of these policy packages, contend that their impact in terms of economic growth and changing product…
This article highlights the need to complement macroeconomic policies designed to secure stabilization, deregulation and greater openness with other macroeconomic and microeconomic measures aimed at revitalizing the growth and competitiveness of the countries of the region. At the national level, in terms of macroeconomic measures, it is necessary to increase domestic saving and channel it towards productive investments within the local context, while microeconomic policy should include measures to develop and consolidate in the countries an innovative, wide-ranging system for furthering chang…