1 Oct 2010, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 17:50
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El presente documento es una contribución del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) y de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) a la sexta Reunión Ministerial del Foro del Arco del Pacífico Latinoamericano, a realizarse en octubre de 2010 en Cusco (Perú). De este modo, se da seguimiento a la solicitud que los Ministros de Relaciones Exteriores y de Comercio del Arco plantearan a ambos organismos durante su quinta Reunión Ministerial, efectuada en Puerto Vallarta (México) en noviembre de 2009. En tal ocasión, se les encomendó constituir un comité bipartito para la imp…
El Entendimiento Relativo a las Normas y Procedimientos por los que se rige la Solución de diferencias de la Organización Mundial del Comercio se ha convertido en el principal instrumento jurídico mediante el cual los países en desarrollo, incluidos los de América Latina y el Caribe, pueden defender sus derechos e intereses comerciales. Este instrumento es ya una referencia obligada para la solución de diferencias comerciales a nivel regional y bilateral, traspasándose varias de sus normas a instrumentos recientemente negociados, o bien permitiendo, mediante la elección de foro, resolver una c…
5 Nov 2003, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 17:50
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Discusses the objectives behind export promotional policies, their methods, and the benefits to be derived. Describes, analyses and assesses export promotional polices in the case of CARICOM Caribbean economies. Examines the physical and institutional context, and instruments for export promotional policies, and the analyses their implications and
impact.…
22 Oct 2021, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 17:50
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This report presents the results for Latin America and the Caribbean of the fourth Global Survey on Digital and Sustainable Trade Facilitation, conducted in the first half of 2021 against the backdrop of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and with the participation of 135 countries (14 from the region). The survey results indicate that Latin America and the Caribbean has made considerable progress since the previous edition in 2019. For the first time, it is the best performing developing region ahead of East and Southeast Asia, with an average implementation rate of 80%. The region’s…
Global antidumping activity peaked in 2001, with 366 petitions initiated world-wide, and rapidly diminished to just 163 cases in 2007. With the onset of the current major world-wide recession some observers feared that antidumping usage would climb dramatically; however while antidumping activity was up by 28% in 2008 (to 208 cases initiated, according to WTO statistics), the rise was not nearly commensurate with the financial distress, and new antidumping initiations for the first three quarters of 2009 -at 154 cases- are on pace to show little change for the full year compared to the previou…
1 Mar 2006, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 17:50
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Studies of Argentina, Colombia, Chile and Mexico conducted collaboratively by ECLAC and GTZ point to environmental impacts associated with small and medium enterprises (SMEs), particularly in the manufacturing sector. This impact is essentially local, though it can become significant at the aggregate level, i.e., SMEs are responsible for some of the environmental problems caused by industry as a whole. Though SMEs account for only a small fraction of such problems -at the national level, the effect is often marginal in terms of environmental degradation- the impact may be significant and fairl…
1 Feb 2005, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 17:50
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The present level of intra-regional trade of Latin America and the Caribbean in relation to their total exports is still low when compared to the peak of 21.1% registered in 1997, despite its rebound in 2003 and continued recovery into 2004. While this trade holds a high potential for future growth, there are a series of problems to be addressed in order for regional integration to continue on the paths of recovery and deep integration. The countries in the region should keep working on the constraints that its regional integration process continues to suffer from the persistence of non-tariff…
2 Ene 2002, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 17:50
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Executive Summary The global economy is experiencing a recession, which originated in the United States and is affecting developed and developing economies alike. Between the second and third quarter of 2001, the United States GDP growth rate decreased from 2.6 per cent to 1.2 per cent. For the same period, the European Union's GDP growth rate declined from 2.4 per cent to 1.7 per cent. For Latin America and the Caribbean the growth will fall from 4 per cent in 2000 to 1 per cent in 2001. A central issue regarding the current recession is whether it will be short lived or rather …
This article analyses the economic rationale of Brazil's tariff policy during the first two years of the Plano Real. To this end, a study is made of the changes made in import duties for all the products traded. The tariff reform process in Brazil was begun in 1988, after the old Tariff Act had been in effect for thirty years, and represented a marked intensification in the process of trade openness, with the definition of a schedule of gradually decreasing tariffs which was further speeded up as from 1990. The Plano Real began in July 1994 and had many effects on import policy. The trade…
The global economic crisis has put an end to a period of worldwide expansion and halted the integration of Latin America and developing Asia with the international economy. Current and expected economic weakness in the advanced economies has led us to look elsewhere for sources of growth. Emerging economies in Asia and Latin America have increased their contributions to world production, finance, and trade in the past decades. In doing so, the two regions have deepened their economic ties with significant implications for the recovery of their respective economies. In this paper we discuss the…
The liberalization of Maritime Transport is one important element to increase the export competitiveness of a country. In fact, studies remark that, for some countries, the effective rate of protection by the costs of transport is much higher than that of tariffs. One of the most relevant elements in the determination of the costs of maritime transport refers to the efficient management of ports. The global trend towards trade liberalization and integration and economic interdependence led Latin American countries to opt for programs of economic reforms that incorporated the participation of d…
1 Mar 2001, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 17:50
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Summary Trade between Africa and South America is of relatively minor importance for each region. The main purpose of this report is to determine if a scarcity of maritime transport services could explain this comparative unimportance. More than half of all trade between the two regions is accounted for by just ten specific bilateral flows in petroleum, grain, iron ore, coal, and sugar. Almost all inter-regional trade moves by sea, mostly by non-liner charter shipping services. Trade between Africa and South America is subject to relatively low freight rates, mainly due to the type of produ…
This RDTII Guide, now in its second edition, serves as a handbook designed to assist policymakers and policy researchers in analysing digital trade regulations. The Guide complements RDTII version 2.0, a common framework developed in collaboration with the European University Institute and utilized by ESCAP, ECA and ECLAC for digital trade regulatory analysis. Users of this guide are recommended to use it in conjunction with the ESCAP-ECA-ECLAC Digital Trade Regulatory Review for Asia-Pacific, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, 2023 and 2024 versions.
The guide provides essential explana…
Chilean exports have boomed since 1975, growing at an averageannual rate of 6% per year in real terms. In this paper, we use Chileanmanufacturing data at the plant level for the years from 1990 to 2007to investigate the relationship between exports, plant dynamics andproductivity. Our findings are consistent with the predictions of the newtheories of heterogeneous firms and trade. First, 64.4% of the totalincrease in exports is accounted for by new exporters net of failedexporters. This effect is a combination of a larger proportion of plantsexporting, a rising proportion of output sold abroad…
1 Mayo 2006, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 17:50
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The paper analyses the main features of trade agreements covering services concluded between Latin American countries and developed country partners. The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) is devoted a full section with a view to setting out key analytical parameters for the ensuing approach to individual agreements with the United States, the European Union and Japan. By means of a very detailed comparison across agreements, a typology is established for classifying specific elements with relation to whether they simply mirror GATS provisions (GATS-neutral ), go beyond GATS pr…
1 Abr 1998, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 17:50
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International experience shows that costfree replication and adoption of industrial best practices on a universal basis is a misconception. Rather, it is a matter of a progressive and reciprocal adaptation between external and local practices in which learning costs and times, as well as the need for public and private cooperation, are essential. The potential for convergence of policies, practices and institutions triggered by globalization appears to be greater at the macroeconomic than at the microeconomic level. This article examines such issues in a general way and then focuses on the di…
14 Nov 2017, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 17:50
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Noticias
The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) headquarters in Port of Spainrecentlybrought together decision makers from Belize, Grenada and Trinidad and Tobago to examine the trade-related performance of Caribbean countries.
he basis for discussion was the ECLAC study entitled “Monitoring trade agreements: Improving export performance and promoting industrialization in the goods-producing economies of the Caribbean”. The study highlighted that the exports of Belize, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago are concentrated towards few markets, most notably the United Stat…
For most developing countries, open regionalism has emerged as quite a sensible response to the undergoing turbulent and asymmetric process of economic globalization. Moreover, the successful experience of the countries which are now part of the European Union, has made regional integration an increasingly attractive option for the developing world. Whenever regional integration is intended to go beyond merely a free trade agreement, macroeconomic coordination becomes a key issue. Theoretically, the underlying idea of the macroeconomic coordination is the interdependency between econo…
Introduction The interaction between antidumping and antitrust is a polemic issue in every integration process for both legal and economic reasons. From a legal perspective, antidumping rules allow practices such as price undertakings and quantitative trade restrictions that are forbidden by competition law, and punish certain types of price differentiation that are justifiable under the antitrust rules. From an economic viewpoint, the two policies pursue different objectives that eventually may lead to conflicting situations. Antidumping is a trade remedy for industries injured by import comp…