2 Ene 2023, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:50
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Publicación
The economies of the subregion were hard hit by the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly those dependent on tourism. As a result, the Caribbean has seen a reversal of the hard-won gains achieved in growing their economies and reducing unemployment and inequality. The inflation stemming from pandemic supply chain disruption, which has been exacerbated by the war in Ukraine, has made the sustained uptick in economic performance beyond pre-pandemic levels unlikely, notwithstanding strong growth estimates for 2021 and 2022. The last two years have taught the region that continued ‘business as usual’ is…
This article aims to classify and analyze the efforts at structural change made in the Brazilian motor industry between 1990 and 1996, seeking to relate them with the economic policy measures which had most impact on the sector. The study begins by examining the explosive increase in domestic demand for motor vehicles, its determining factors, and its main implications, especially the achievement of efficient scales of production and the initiation of a wave of investments which has been further intensified in the last three years. It goes on to study the increase in the technological dynamism…
Trade among the ALADI countries has grown with exceptional vigour so far in the 1990s, especially in the branches of metal products, machinery and equipment, chemical products, and foodstuffs, beverages and tobacco. In order for this dynamic growth to be sustainable in the long term, these countries must develop their intra-industry trade by promoting reciprocal supply in those branches. The bulk of transnational productive capital in Latin America is concentrated in those branches, and it is in the metal products, machinery and equipment sector that the swiftest increase in intra-industry tra…
1 Ago 1995, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:49
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Publicación
This study examines South-South economic relations in the context of regionalism. It covers three Latin American countries and eight high-performing Asian developing economies. Although the level of trade and investment between these two groups is currently very low, trade is growing fast and there are indications that the potential for continued growth exists. Although regionalism is advancing in both these parts of the world, it has so far not affected the ties between the two groups of countries, and in fact inter-regional trade growth has recently been exceeding intra-regional …
1 Ago 2010, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:49
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Publicación
This article discusses various hypotheses relating to the originand operation of business groups in Mexico, and it proposes a model toexplain the sources of their total asset growth. It highlights their growingcontribution to Mexican gdp, but notes that their shares of employmentand profits are smaller. Over time, sales and assets have clearly tendedto become more concentrated in the largest groups. The paper concludesthat the main financing sources for asset growth between 2005 and 2007were firstly debt and secondly capital contributions from shareholders. Italso finds that the leading groups…
1 Ene 2006, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:49
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Publicación
This volume deals with macroeconomic issues and their relationship to growth in emerging economies. Lack of economic growth has been a feature of Latin American economies since the 1980s. In this book the analysis is complemented by two studies focused in East Asia and South Africa. All country cases examined have exhibited low inflation but high instability of economic activity in the 1990s and early 2000s. These cases provide relevant theoretical implications for a broader understanding of real macroeconomic policies in economies vulnerable to the globalization of financial volatility.…
1 Ago 2004, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:50
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Publicación
The growth of high-quality employment needed to reduce the share of informal
occupation and open unemployment in Peru will require an acceleration
and diversification of private investment in the tradable sector. One of
the main constraints faced is the uncompetitiveness of the
non-extractive tradable sector. In 1990-2003, competitiveness improved
in this sector essentially as a result of lower labour costs, a socially unjust
and economically ineffective route to follow. To raise competitiveness,
it is essential for the macroeconomic regime to include a competitive
real exchange rate (to which…
18 Jun 2004, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:50
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Publicación
Presentation
The countries of the Latin American and Caribbean region have shown a keen
and lasting interest in mechanisms of economic development and public policies for its
promotion. This is a process in which ECLAC has been involved ever since it was founded
over half a century ago. Today, the debate on these issues continues against the backdrop
of a globalization process in which the remarkable dynamism of some dimensions
-especially its economic, financial and cultural aspects- contrasts with the
slow formation of an institutional network capable of coping with the increased
interdepend…
1 Abr 2002, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:49
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Publicación
In the 1990s,Argentina received large amounts of foreign direct investment and the participation of multinational companies in the country's economy increased significantly. As during the import substitution industrialization period, the basic goal of multinationals is still to exploit the domestic market.Two differences from that period can be observed, however:access to the Brazilian market allows for greater economies of scale and specialization,and increased competition in many tradable sectors is forcing subsidiaries to bring their operations closer to international best practice. Th…
1 Ago 2001, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:50
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Publicación
This article analyses the main determinants of private-sector investment in Brazil during the period 1956-1996, using an empirical model employed in the most recent studies on developing countries. The econometric procedures followed not only take into account the non-stationarity of the data series examined, but allow for the possible difficulties involved in treating the conditioning variables as exogenous ones or as policy instruments. The findings -both the long-term equations and the short-term models- reveal the positive impact of the output, public investment and financial credit variab…
1 Abr 1999, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:50
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Publicación
This article analyses the impact of public investment on private investment. Apart from purely ideological aspects, two opposing interpretations may be distinguished with regard to the relationship between these variables. The first is that there is competition between public and private investment, so that the former crowds out the latter. The second is that public investment is complementary to private investment in so far that, by generating positive externalities, it creates favourable conditions for the latter. In view of the relative scarcity of empirical studies on this matt…
1 Abr 2011, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:50
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Publicación
This article sets out to empirically determine whether the ratiobetween debt and gross domestic product (GDP); affected real and nominalvariables such as the demand for money, the nominal interest rate,investment and the output gap, between January 1995 and March 2008.The specific aim is to identify fiscal-policy transmission channels and decidewhether this policy was active or passive in the period in question. Thestudy finds empirical evidence that fiscal policy was active and monetarypolicy passive -features that characterize a non-Ricardian model.…
The constitution of a new international industrial order dominated by a core of large transnational corporations generally makes life more difficult for the great majority of developing countries because, since most are not in a position to compete effectively, they face still greater marginalization. TNCS more than ever before can significantly influence the international competitiveness and therefore the nature of incorporation of developing countries into the new increasingly integrated international production system. The national origin and form of foreign direct investment and technology…
Latin American manufacturing industry has undergone various changes in recent years. It has registered a favourable performance as far as exports are concerned, but production and investment have grown only slowly in a context of sluggish recovery of domestic demand and greater foreign competition. Other features are greater specialization in natural resource-based intermediate goods characterized by the importance of economies of scale, relatively long lead times for the heavy investments required, and the presence of privatized and transnational enterprises. At the same time, there are signs…
23 Ene 2015, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:49
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Comunicado de prensa
(23 de enero, 2015) La Secretaria Ejecutiva de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), Alicia Bárcena, participó en la Reunión Anual 2015 del Foro Económico Mundial (WEF, según sus siglas en inglés) realizada en Davos, Suiza, en donde moderó una sesión de alto nivel sobre el contexto económico de América Latina y sostuvo un encuentro con autoridades y empresarios mineros de todo el mundo, entre otras actividades.
Al presidir la sesión sobre el contexto de América Latina, Bárcena resaltó que tras varios años de bonanza, los países de la región se encuentran hoy en una enc…
La innovación, el desarrollo tecnológico y la cooperación público-privada son esenciales para una recuperación verde, inclusiva y sostenible pospandemia del COVID-19, coincidieron hoy expertos reunidos en el Foro Empresarial para los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible en América Latina y el Caribe 2022: Innovación y Cooperación Público-Privada para una Recuperación Inclusiva y Sostenible, quienes subrayaron la importancia de impulsar pactos sociales entre los gobiernos, la sociedad civil y el sector privado con miras a la implementación de la Agenda 2030 en la región.
El evento, organizado po…
3 Jul 2014, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:50
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Comunicado de prensa
(3 de julio, 2014) La Secretaria Ejecutiva de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), Alicia Bárcena, llamó hoy a "descolonizar" la agenda de desarrollo post-2015 y a fijar metas universales y no solo normas prescritas desde los países más avanzados para los países en desarrollo, durante su intervención en el Foro Político de Alto Nivel sobre Desarrollo Sostenible celebrado en la sede de Naciones Unidas en Nueva York.
Alicia Bárcena participó como panelista, junto a los Secretarios Ejecutivos de las comisiones regionales de Naciones Unidas, en un diálogo titulado "Abrien…
17 Oct 2011, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:49
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Comunicado de prensa
(14 de octubre, 2011) La Secretaria Ejecutiva de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), Alicia Bárcena, participó en Abu Dhabi, Emiratos Árabes Unidos, en la Cumbre sobre la Agenda Global 2011, que reúne a representantes del sector académico, empresarial, gubernamental y de la sociedad civil de todo el mundo.
Este espacio de debate, creado en 2008 por el Foro Económico Mundial, congrega anualmente a los miembros de la Red de Consejos de la Agenda Global (Network of Global Agenda Councils) para intercambiar ideas sobre temas clave como la estabilidad financiera, la segur…
19 Mayo 2014, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:49
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Columna de opinión
En todos los foros donde se analiza el futuro de América Latina y el Caribe suele repetirse, con diversos énfasis, la misma pregunta: ¿cómo puede la región sostener y ampliar los importantes avances económicos y sociales alcanzados en las últimas décadas en un contexto de desaceleración y alta volatilidad internacional como el actual?
Aunque no se observan riesgos de crisis graves como las ocurridas en los años ochenta, finales de los años noventa e inicios de la década del 2000, la desaceleración parece anunciar escenarios futuros de menor crecimiento. Esto implica que el mercado de trabajo s…
1 Abr 1997, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 07:50
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Publicación
This article makes both a theoretical and an empirical analysis of the new policies applied in Argentina since 1992 with regard to the treatment accorded to capital goods: exemption from import duties, with drawback facilities for domestic producers in respect of their local sales. The new system is evaluated through a detailed analysis of its effects on demand for capital goods (section II);; on the domestic supply of such goods (section III);; and on some macroeconomic variables such as the fiscal balance (section IV); and the external balance (section V);. Some aspects relating to the manag…