Acordos do MERCOSUL com terceiros países

La facilitación del comercio en las negociaciones comerciales, multilaterales y bilaterales

La CEPAL está trabajando en el área de la facilitación del comercio dada la enorme relevancia que este tema tiene actualmente para la competitividad de las exportaciones latinoamericanas. Es así que ha realizado seminarios y reuniones de expertos para debatir acerca del grado de implementación de las herramientas de la facilitación del comercio en los países de la región, como así también acerca de la forma de estimular a los gobiernos a seguir avanzando en este aspecto. En un estudio reciente (Arvis, Jean-François, et al., 2007), se afirma que los países en desarrollo para aprovechar el com…

Status of agrifood regulatory coordination under the North American Free Trade Agreement

Since its initiation on January 1, 1994, the agriculture section of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has been controversial, which has led to several trade disputes, suggestions for modification and strengthening, and even Presidential initiatives such as the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP). While NAFTA has done much to spur economic growth and development, it has not realized its potential in integrating agrifood markets. Several illustrations are summarized in this report on progress in overcoming sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) barriers to trade un…

Trade liberalisation, trade performance and competitiveness in the Caribbean

This study provides an analysis of links between trade liberalisation, trade performance and competitiveness in the Caribbean. The study takes an eclectic approach, borrowing from different strands of theory and empirical findings, where necessary. Nevertheless from a broad conceptual frame of reference, an effort is made to analyse the structural, institutional and market (demand and supply); factors that impinge on trade performance and competitiveness outcomes in the region. This approach, it is believed, provides the most relevance for analysing the real world situation in the Caribbean,…

The ECLAC associate member countries: meeting challenges and new opportunities of globalisation

This paper will examine development challenges and new opportunities arising out of globalization in the tourism and financial services sectors, respectively in the ECLAC associate member countries.…

Freeing the Americas of Poverty and Hunger

A Dimensao Regional do Potencial Exportador Brasileiro: o potencial exportador dos municipios brasileiros com foco na questao regional

A literatura sobre os determinantes do desempenho exportador das firmas industriais é ampla e bem diversificada, tanto na metodologia como nos resultados encontrados Para o caso dos países em desenvolvimento, em particular, a identificação destes determinantes não é tão convergente no sentido de que as relações de causalidade não são claras no que toca à sua direção e à relevância de determinada relação para um país específico. As relações comumente testadas no nível da firma industrial para estes países são as entre exportações e origem do capital (em particular, firmas estrangeiras), inovaçã…

Antidumping nas Américas: uma investigação dos efeitos do uso deste instrumento sobre as exportações e sobre a conduta das empresas brasileiras

ECLAC Launches the Caribbean Knowledge Management Centre

Os incentivos as exportacões brasileiras: 1990-2004

O objetivo da pesquisa é estimar os incentivos concedidos às exportações brasileiras no período de 1990 a 2004. São considerados incentivos as diferenças de tratamento tributário ou financeiro em decorrência da destinação do produto para o mercado interno ou externo, com impacto sobre as finanças da União ou dos Estados. Os incentivos - fiscais, sobre o financiamento e especiais - foram calculados em bases trimestrais, e agregados segundo a Classificação Nacional por Atividade Econômica - CNAE. No capítulo 2 é apresentada uma descrição dos incentivos fiscais - IPI, ICMS, PIS, COFINS e Drawback…

Los mercados en el Istmo Centroamericano: qué ha pasado con la competencia?

Tecnología de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC) para el fomento de las PYMES exportadoras en América Latina y Asia Oriental

Este informe es el resultado de un proyecto de investigación titulado Estudio comparativo del sector de tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC) en Asia del Este y América Latina , realizado en el 2004 y el 2005 por la División de Comercio Internacional e Integración de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), con sede en Santiago de Chile, y el Instituto de Economías en Desarrollo de la Organización de Comercio Exterior de Japón (IDE/JETRO), situado en Chiba, Japón. La iniciativa fue financiada por el Fondo Fiduciario Temático sobre Nuevas Tecnología…

Changing Times: Refocusing ECLAC's Role

Latin American South-South integration and cooperation: from a regional public goods perspective

The present level of intra-regional trade of Latin America and the Caribbean in relation to their total exports is still low when compared to the peak of 21.1% registered in 1997, despite its rebound in 2003 and continued recovery into 2004. While this trade holds a high potential for future growth, there are a series of problems to be addressed in order for regional integration to continue on the paths of recovery and deep integration. The countries in the region should keep working on the constraints that its regional integration process continues to suffer from the persistence of non-tariff…

Population Ageing - Subregional Challenges of a Global Phenomenon

E-business innovation and customs renovation for secure supply chain management

Information technologies (ITs) and supply chain management (SCM) are increasingly considered as indispensable tools of competitiveness especially for companies facing excessive global competition, although these companies have not necessarily succeeded in taking full advantage of such cutting-edge technologies and management systems. Their use, especially of international SCMs, is limited to a small number of purchaser-suppliers groups that are formed primarily by transnational corporations (TNCs). The factors impeding a proliferation of SCMs at a global scale include the difficulties that com…

La cooperación financiera en América Latina y el Caribe: las instituciones financieras subregionales en el fomento de las inversiones y del comercio exterior

La integración económica de los países de América Latina y el Caribe ha sido un objetivo perseguido sistemáticamente, pero cuyos logros todavía están distantes. Entre las causas que explican este comportamiento, una de las más incidentes ha sido sin duda, la debilidad de las economías de la región para corregir los desajustes económicos producidos ya sea por razones internas o por los efectos derivados de crisis económicas internacionales, regionales o subregionales. Los efectos de estos impactos en los procesos de integración a menudo afectan negativamente los avances en el crecimiento del c…

Fomento y diversificación de las exportaciones de servicios

El presente documento analiza la situación de las exportaciones de servicios de la región con relación a los esfuerzos y apoyos para el fomento y promoción de dichas actividades. Las políticas comerciales de la región han dado escasa importancia a replicar los esfuerzos que en este sentido se han hecho respecto del comercio de mercancías. El documento consta de cinco secciones. En la primera de ellas se resaltan las principales diferencias entre el fomento y promoción de exportaciones en bienes y en servicios así como las razones para privilegiar los servicios. La segunda sección aborda el pro…

The Millennium Development Goals: Challenges for the Caribbean

Rules of origin and trade facilitation in preferential trade agreements in Latin America

The term rules of origin is an economic expression referring to a set of substantive rules for identifying the source of imported goods. As with any set of rules, certain formalities must be followed which entail public and private transaction costs. The public sector has to enforce the rules of origin and implement proper controls with a view to monitoring external trade in goods, minimizing budgetary expenditures and maximizing the collection of tax revenues, while at the same time facilitating international trade. Likewise, private agents involved in external trade in goods are requir…