El presente manual, que el CELADE difunde, contiene una guía metodológica y conceptual que despliega los principales elementos a tener en cuenta por los países de América Latina y el Caribe al momento de definir los aspectos que deben monitorear y los indicadores, básicos y necesarios, para controlar la calidad de un censo de población y viviendas en sus diferentes etapas. El objetivo es brindar una guía práctica que oriente el trabajo de profesionales y técnicos de las oficinas nacionales de estadística de la región, encargados de asegurar la calidad del producto censal.
La organización gener…
El gasto en salud es un indicador del peso de los recursos económicos dedicados a la atención preventiva y curativa de salud. Además es un buen indicador de las desigualdades en el acceso a los servicios entre las regiones del mundo, dentro de los países, o incluso entre grupos con distintos ingresos. En 2004 el gasto en salud a nivel mundial se estimó en 8,7% de la economía mundial. La región de América Latina y el Caribe notificó un gasto en salud del 6,8% del producto interno bruto (PIB), mientras que el gasto nacional en salud como porcentaje del PIB en la Región de las Américas (incluyend…
La alta dependencia externa de Chile en el uso del petróleo y sus derivados genera que los shocks energéticos internacionales se transmitan rápidamente a la economía nacional, en todas sus dimensiones, económica, social y ambiental. En este trabajo se examinan, utilizando la metodología de equilibrio general, los efectos directos e indirectos generados por un aumento en los precios de los hidrocarburos y por las mayores importaciones de gas natural licuado (GNL) como respuesta a la restricción a importar gas natural desde Argentina. Además, se estudia la aplicación de impuestos al CO2 y venta …
This study presents an analysis of innovation in the tourism sector of the Commonwealth of Dominica. The implementation of a questionnaire survey across a range of tourism sub-sectors yielded information on the scale of innovation activities, the characteristics of innovation firms and the internal and systemic factors that influence innovation. The key results of the analysis indicate that tourism businesses face a number of critical obstacles to innovation including challenging domestic economic conditions, lack of access to appropriate financing, weak customer demand, high cost of undertaki…
This survey provides an overview of the economic performance of the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago, together with the eight member countries of the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU) countries for 2010 and their outlook for 2011. The first section is a summary of the main issues raised in the report including an assessment of the economic prospects for 2011. Chapter II analyses the impact of the global economy on the subregion then provides a comparative analysis of the GDP and sectoral growth performance. This is followed by the subsection on…
The eight Millennium Development Goals - which range from halving extreme poverty to halting the spread of HIV and AIDS and providing universal primary education by 2015 - form a blueprint for tackling critical issues facing developing countries: poverty, hunger, inadequate education, gender inequality, child and maternal mortality, HIV/AIDS, and environmental degradation. The Caribbean Millennium Development Goals Report 2010 reviews progress in the Caribbean subregion towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals on the basis of the most recent data available from official coun…
This article analyses the relationship between energy consumptionin industry and industrial productivity and the implications of this forsustainable development. To this end, it presents a matrix characterizingeconomies as: (i); converging or diverging in terms of energy consumptionper unit of value added, and (ii); catching up with or falling further behindthe productivity level of the international frontier (the United States);. On thebasis of data from the industrial surveys of four Latin American countries(Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico);, it concludes that the region's evidentspe…
Three empirical regularities have been identified in the financialliterature: bank credit markets operate with collateral, they operate withexcess demand and they coexist with other forms of credit provision. Inthe particular case of less developed countries, the financial structurecomprises the banking industry, the formal non-banking industry andthe informal sector. This paper presents a theoretical model that explainsall three regularities together. According to the model, wealth inequalityin society is the essential factor that explains this dual-dual financialstructure. The model predicts…
Chilean exports have boomed since 1975, growing at an averageannual rate of 6% per year in real terms. In this paper, we use Chileanmanufacturing data at the plant level for the years from 1990 to 2007to investigate the relationship between exports, plant dynamics andproductivity. Our findings are consistent with the predictions of the newtheories of heterogeneous firms and trade. First, 64.4% of the totalincrease in exports is accounted for by new exporters net of failedexporters. This effect is a combination of a larger proportion of plantsexporting, a rising proportion of output sold abroad…
This paper develops a model and explains the determinants of profitmargins in the Peruvian business sector in the 1998-2008 period. Theseare established in a fixed-price scenario, with reference to a set of variablessuch as the price elasticity of demand, the behaviour of possible industryentrants and any regulatory intervention by government. In addition,there is a direct relationship between profit margins and self-financingof investment. Profit margins and profit ratios in the business sector arerising and exceed international norms. The paper also identifies a trendtowards lower levels of …
The objective of this study is to analyse the determinants of thequality of education in Argentina and, in particular, to look at what influencea school's ownership structure has. A multilevel regression model and2006 data from the Programme for International Student Assessment(PISA); were used for this purpose. One of the main findings is that thecorrelation between a school's administrative structure (public or private);and its students' scholastic performance fades when the socioeconomicschool environment is taken into consideration.…
This issue of the FAL Bulletin proposes a
paradigm shift away from the traditional
approach to transport policy in the region,
so as to better address issues associated
with development. It suggests working
towards an integrated and sustainable
infrastructure, logistics and mobility policy
structure based on the principle of co-
modality.…
El presente boletín FAL propone un
cambio de paradigma en el tratamiento
tradicional de las políticas de transporte
en la región, a fin de afrontar de mejor
forma las problemáticas asociadas al
desarrollo; planteando avanzar hacia la
formulación de una “estrategia de políticas
integradas y sostenibles de infraestructura,
logística y movilidad”, bajo el principio de comodalidad.…
Los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (ODM), promulgados en la Cumbre del Milenio en el año 2000 y refrendado por los países miembros de Naciones Unidas, se han vuelto un horizonte esencial para guiar la definición de acciones que promuevan el desarrollo de los países, especialmente respecto de la mejora de las condiciones de vida de la población en su conjunto.
Transcurridos más de 10 años desde su rúbrica, y estando ya en las postrimerías del período establecido para su consecución (2015), se vuelve imprescindible incrementar y reforzar los mecanismos de monitoreo del avance de los países …
Naciones Unidas