Inflation and the variability of relative prices in the Caribbean: evidence from panel threshold models

This paper examines the impact of inflation and its variability for eight Caribbean countries; Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. The paper goes beyond the standard approach to examine the variability of relative prices (VRP) within the context of a threshold effects framework, since it was recognized that whether inflation was low or very high was significant in determining its impact on an economy. The paper employed a panel threshold effects model to capture the non-linear nature of the relationship…

Growth versus development: different patterns of industrial growth in Latin America during the 'boom' years

Between 2003 and 2008 Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) experienced its most remarkable expansionary period since the 1970s. Yet, LAC countries' productivity gaps widened during this period vis-à-vis industrialized countries (here represented by the United States' manufacturing sector) as revealed in CEPAL (2010). The paper splits up this process and examines the different outcomes observed at the national level for the cases of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico during these boom years. It examines the composition of productivity divergence in terms of sec…

Availability, collection and use of data on disability in the Caribbean subregion

This paper addresses the issue of the availability of data on persons with disabilities in the Caribbean subregion. It was prepared as a background paper for the Subregional Meeting and Capacity-Development Training Workshop on Implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in the Caribbean which was held in Port of Spain from 9 - 10 November 2010. It presents the findings of a survey conducted by ECLAC aimed at gaining insight on current practices of national statistical offices and other data collecting agencies with respect to the collection of natio…

The relationship between fiscal and current account balances in the Caribbean

The global economic recession which affected most of the Caribbean would have been less severe if policymakers were in a position to sustain fiscal stimulus packages for a longer duration. This paper argues that while the crisis aggravated the debt and fiscal situation, the negative fiscal and current account balances reflected long standing issues related to declining competitiveness. To address the challenging fiscal situation, a number of countries are pursuing fiscal consolidation programmes, many of which imply expenditure cuts and revenue increases. Implicit in such programmes is that th…

ICT in Latin America: a microdata analysis

This book is the final report of the ECLAC-IDRC project Observatory for the Information Society in Latin American and the Caribbean OSILAC, which aims at understanding the dynamics of the ICT evolution and revolution and producing evidence on its potential to promote socio-economic development. As such, microdata analysis drawn from National Household Surveys and National Innovation Surveys in Latin America were used in the framework of the project in the attempt to reach those objectives. Both statistical information sources provide attractive potentialities in order to investigate not only d…

Distributive impact of public policy

The chronic inequality that characterized Latin America and the Caribbean has its roots not only in the region’s history but also in a pattern of development and modernization that perpetuated the socio-economic gaps. Very recently, however, the region experienced a period of sustained growth between 2003 and 2008, in which the indicators of poverty, indigence and even concentration of income improved, breaking, although for a short period, the so-called “empty box” of Fernando Fajnzylber. It is well known that the state can promote greater social equity through more effective public policies.…

Caribbean Millennium Development Goals Report 2010

The eight Millennium Development Goals - which range from halving extreme poverty to halting the spread of HIV and AIDS and providing universal primary education by 2015 - form a blueprint for tackling critical issues facing developing countries: poverty, hunger, inadequate education, gender inequality, child and maternal mortality, HIV/AIDS, and environmental degradation. The Caribbean Millennium Development Goals Report 2010 reviews progress in the Caribbean subregion towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals on the basis of the most recent data available from official coun…

Brazil: an empirical study on fiscal policy transmission

This article sets out to empirically determine whether the ratiobetween debt and gross domestic product (GDP); affected real and nominalvariables such as the demand for money, the nominal interest rate,investment and the output gap, between January 1995 and March 2008.The specific aim is to identify fiscal-policy transmission channels and decidewhether this policy was active or passive in the period in question. Thestudy finds empirical evidence that fiscal policy was active and monetarypolicy passive -features that characterize a non-Ricardian model.…

Países del FOCALAE exploran opciones para avanzar en cooperación, comercio e inversión en esta nueva era

(25 de agosto, 2011) Los países en desarrollo de Asia y América Latina y el Caribe deben actuar proactivamente en el actual escenario económico mundial y aprovechar las oportunidades que ofrece el creciente intercambio y la cooperación Sur-Sur, señaló hoy la Secretaria Ejecutiva de la CEPAL, Alicia Bárcena. Los países miembros del Foro de Cooperación América Latina-Asia del Este representan 36% del PIB mundial, así como el 32% de las exportaciones y el 28% de las importaciones a nivel global. Además son importantes tenedores de bonos del Tesoro de Estados Unidos (casi 60%). La alta funcionaria…

Secretaria Ejecutiva de la CEPAL participó en Cumbre sobre la Agenda Global 2011

(14 de octubre, 2011) La Secretaria Ejecutiva de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), Alicia Bárcena, participó en Abu Dhabi, Emiratos Árabes Unidos, en la Cumbre sobre la Agenda Global 2011, que reúne a representantes del sector académico, empresarial, gubernamental y de la sociedad civil de todo el mundo. Este espacio de debate, creado en 2008 por el Foro Económico Mundial, congrega anualmente a los miembros de la Red de Consejos de la Agenda Global (Network of Global Agenda Councils) para intercambiar ideas sobre temas clave como la estabilidad financiera, la segur…

Competitividad, sostenibilidad e inclusión social en la agricultura: nuevas direcciones en el diseño de políticas en América Latina y el Caribe

En el presente libro se intenta encontrar respuestas a preguntas referidas al desarrollo agrícola que se repiten, con variaciones, en investigaciones y foros de políticas; por ejemplo, ¿cómo incrementar la competitividad de las agriculturas regionales, disminuyendo al mismo tiempo la inequidad social y la pobreza? ¿Cómo hacer más sostenible este proceso de desarrollo de la agricultura? ¿Cuáles son los esquemas institucionales más apropiados para impulsar el desarrollo agropecuario y del mundo rural? ¿Cuál es el rol de los actores sociales en las nuevas estructuras de gobernanza? Para responder…

Macroeconomic challenges of fiscal decentralization in Latin America in the aftermath of the global financial crisis

In Latin America (LA), as well as in other parts of the world, decentralization has increased in recent decades, reflecting primarily political pressures, partly linked to the democratization process. As a result, sub-national governments (SNGs) now account for substantial shares of public expenditures, in particular social and investment ones. This in turn has created growing challenges for macro-fiscal management, as concerns both ensuring medium-to long-term fiscal sustainability, and minimizing the impact of cyclical and commodity prices fluctuations on sub-national budgets. This is illust…

Economic Survey of the Caribbean 2010-2011: improving economic prospects amid global recovery

This survey provides an overview of the economic performance of the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago, together with the eight member countries of the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU) countries for 2010 and their outlook for 2011. The first section is a summary of the main issues raised in the report including an assessment of the economic prospects for 2011. Chapter II analyses the impact of the global economy on the subregion then provides a comparative analysis of the GDP and sectoral growth performance. This is followed by the subsection on…

CEPAL y OCDE analizan caminos de cooperación

(4 de abril, 2011) El Secretario General de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE), Ángel Gurría, visitó el lunes 4 de abril la sede de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) en Santiago, Chile, donde sostuvo una reunión de trabajo con los directores de la institución para tratar temas de la coyuntura económica actual y el papel de América Latina y el Caribe. Gurría fue recibido por la Secretaria Ejecutiva de la CEPAL, Alicia Bárcena, con quien discutió la posibilidad de ampliar los espacios de cooperación entre ambos organismos. La agenda d…

Por un salto de calidad en la relación China-América Latina

La visita que en los próximos días hará el Vicepresidente de la República Popular China, Xi Jinping, a varias naciones latinoamericanas representa una oportunidad para poner en el centro del debate regional la urgencia de repensar el vínculo estratégico entre América Latina y el gigante asiático. Ya es hora de dar un salto de calidad en esa relación. Debemos diversificar las exportaciones a ese país, incorporándoles más valor y conocimientos, estimular alianzas empresariales, comerciales y tecnológicas, atraer más y mejores inversiones chinas y promover inversiones latinoamericanas en Ch…

The United States and Latin America and the Caribbean: highlights of economy and trade

This publication is a contribution by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) to the analysis of trade and investment relations between the United States of America and Latin America and the Caribbean, on the occasion of the visit of President Barack Obama to Brazil, Chile and El Salvador in March 2011. The early years of this new decade have brought good news for Latin America and the Caribbean. The region weathered the international crisis with unprecedented resilience and emerged from it sooner and more strongly than the developed economies. It grew by 6%…

The United States and Latin America and the Caribbean: highlights of economy and trade

Esta publicación es una contribución de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL); al análisis de las relaciones comerciales y de inversiones entre los Estados Unidos y América Latina y el Caribe, con motivo de la visita del Presidente Barack Obama al Brasil, Chile y El Salvador en marzo de 2011. Los primeros años de esta nueva década han sido portadores de buenas noticias para América Latina y el Caribe. La región ha demostrado una capacidad de recuperación sin precedentes frente a la crisis internacional, de la que ha salido antes y con más pujanza que las economías des…

Seminario Internacional de UNASUR "De la Integración Política a la Integración Económica y Financiera". Panel: América Latina, la institucionalidad regional y los foros internacionales: la UNASUR, el G-20, el G-24, el G-77, el G-192

The European Investment Bank and SMEs: key lessons for Latin America and the Caribbean

This paper discusses the engagement of the European Investment Bank Group (EIB Group) with the financing and support of SMEs, both within the European Union (EU) as well as EU Candidate Countries and the Balkans. Indeed, lending and providing financial support to SMEs is one of the key core objectives of the EIB Group. The main focus of the paper is to describe and analyse the practises and experiences of the EIB Group in this field, to discuss the key lessons and to make policy recommendations to be considered within the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) context. The large role played by the …

II Foro Iberoamericano de Regulación: "Aporte de la regulación al crecimiento económico sostenible y a la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos"

La posibilidad de compartir experiencias referidas al desempeño de los reguladores en sectores de infraestructura (agua potable y saneamiento, transporte y telecomunicaciones), ofrece la oportunidad de mejorar los esquemas y modelos regulatorios, de modo de incrementar la eficiencia, calidad y cobertura de la prestación de los servicios públicos. La regulación de estas industrias juega un papel fundamental en el equilibrio entre el crecimiento económico, desarrollo social y la preservación ambiental, objetivos cruciales para América Latina y el Caribe. El presente documento recoge las ideas ce…