En este artículo se analizan los cambios en la estructura ycompetitividad de la industria de bienes de capital brasileña desdecomienzos de los años 1990 y se propone una clasificación dentrode esta industria basada en los diversos segmentos industriales quedemandan máquinas y equipos. Aunque esta industria sigue pesandobastante en el valor agregado del sector manufacturero, la eficienciaproductiva y la competitividad internacional de los segmentos quela componen son bastante heterogéneas. El artículo destaca lossegmentos con mayor potencial de desarrollo y sugiere para cadauno de ellos medidas…
This article examines the role of the CEPAL Review in disseminatingthe thinking of ECLAC and other currents of analysis concerned with theproblems of development. To this end, it examines some of the largecollection of articles published in the Review between 1976 and 2008,concentrating on those that most clearly address the permanent concernsof ECLAC (growth and technical progress, poverty and social inequity,sustainable development, and democracy and citizenship); and groupingthem by the editorial team in charge when they were published: Prebisch-Gurrieri, Pinto-Lahera and Altimir-Bajraj. It…
This article analyses the costs in terms of income distribution of the crisis and adjustments of the 1980s, as well as the effects of the subsequent recovery and resumption of sustained growth patterns. This analysis is based on comparable pairs of estimates of income distribution and poverty prepared by ECLAC for the ten largest and predominantly urban countries of the region. The method of analysis consists, on the one hand, of comparing the changes in distribution and in the macroeconomic and labour market variables during similar macroeconomic phases in the course of the adjustment process…
An examination of the links between migration and developmentusing census micro data for 15 Latin American countries reveals that: (i);internal migration is diminishing, which was not foreseen in the specialistliterature, (ii); internal migration, while apparently helpful for individuals andbeneficial for successful regions, erodes the human resources of poorerregions, and (iii); as a result of increasing urbanization, urban-urban migrationis replacing rural to urban migration as the predominant flow and other typesof migration are on the increase, an example being intrametropolitan migrationw…
One of the drivers of economic growth is innovation, which raisesproductivity by creating new production methods, technologies, productsand firms. This article examines an instrument that supports this process,venture capital, and highlights the need for a financing system coveringeach phase of innovation. It starts by illustrating Latin America's innovationdeficit. It then proceeds to a general analysis of the difficulties affecting thefinancing of innovation and the provision of venture capital to overcomethese. It goes on to examine the form taken by these obstacles in theregion and, c…
This article argues that in a stable and competitive real exchangerate(SCRER); macroeconomic regime, the exchange-rate component candrive up inflation through the very mechanisms that stimulate high rates ofgross domestic product and employment growth; to offset this pressure,fiscal and monetary policies will have to be used to control aggregatedemand. It finds that in an exchange-rate regime of this type, monetarypolicy has a degree of autonomy that can be exploited to apply activemonetary policies. It analyses the degree to which monetary policy canbe used to control aggregate demand and con…
This article analyses developments in the labour market and incomedistribution in Argentina between 2002 and 2007, using data from thePermanent Household Survey and econometric estimates. Following the2001 crisis the employment situation improved in the aggregate and therewas initially a marked decline in income concentration. This reduction latertailed off, however, apparently because of differences in the opportunitiesfor different types of households to reap the benefits of growth. Membersof resource-poor households had less chance of finding work and faceddisadvantages in terms of pay and …
This article analyses changes in the structure and competitiveness ofthe Brazilian capital goods industry since the early 1990s and proposes aclassification within that industry based on the different industrial segmentsfrom which the demand for machinery and equipment derives. Althoughthis industry still accounts for a large share of manufacturing sector valueadded, the production efficiency and international competitiveness of thesegments it comprises are quite heterogeneous. The article singles out thesegments with the greatest development potential and suggests measuresthat could be taken …
Este libro es fruto de un prolongado y exitoso trabajo de cooperación técnica realizado entre 2004 y 2007 a través del proyecto “Fortaleciendo las capacidades para el análisis de políticas macroeconómicas en Centroamérica y República Dominicana” [Development Account 04/05 S (ROA/62)]. El proyecto fue originado y financiado por el Departamento de Asuntos Económicos y Sociales (DAES) de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU), en coordinación con la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), la Secretaría Ejecutiva del Consejo Monetario Centroamericano (SECMCA) y los bancos…
Academicians and practitioners generally agree that there is a positive correlation between more and better infrastructure and economic growth. From the broader perspective of development, attempts have been made in the literature to identify the different theoretical connections and the empirical patterns that link infrastructure to productivity, on the one hand, and those that link it to social inclusion and equity, on the other hand. Infrastructure contributes to development in different ways. The capital involved is not homogeneous, nor is its effect on the distributive aspects. Water and …
Hay un consenso entre académicos y
practitioners sobre
la existencia de una relación positiva entre más y mejor infraestructura y crecimiento económico. Respecto del
fenómeno más amplio del desarrollo, la literatura ha procurado
desentrañar los nexos teóricos y las regularidades empíricas
entre la infraestructura con la productividad, por un lado, pero
también con la inclusión social y la equidad, por otro.
La infraestructura efectúa diferentes aportes. El capital de
infraestructura no es homogéneo y tampoco lo es su efecto sobre
los aspectos distributivos. El agua y el sane…
América Latina corre el riesgo de perder lo ganado en la reducción de la pobrezaCrisis financiera internacional afectará comercio de la región con el mundo¿;Época de cambios o cambio de época? Columna de opinión de la Secretaria Ejecutiva de la CEPAL, Alicia BárcenaPrecisiones. El vaso medio lleno de los jóvenes latinoamericanosIndicadoresLa estructura tributaria de América Latina y el Caribe contribuye con la desigualdadPublicaciones recientesCalendario de eventos…
In the 1980s Butler adapted the life cycle product model to the tourism industry and created
the “Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) model”. The model recognizes six stages in the tourism
product life cycle: exploration, investment, development, consolidation, stagnation and followed,
after stagnation, by decline or revitalization of the product. These six stages can in turn be regrouped
into four main stages. The Butler model has been applied to more than 30 country cases with a wide
degree of success. De Albuquerque and Mc Elroy (1992) applied the TALC model to 23 small
Caribbean island States i…
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