This article begins with a brief evocation of the main features of the legacy left to us by Raúl Prebisch, not only from the strictly intellectual point of view, but also as a model of humanism. It then goes on to deal with the present situation of the world, with special emphasis on trade, and highlights the return of a war economy mentality and the instability reigning in the oil market, both of which militate against the greater investment needed in order for the world economy to grow at a satisfactory rate. It notes that in spite of all this, in the present circumstances there has neverthe…
1 Oct 2004, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:04
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The problem of social security for women in Latin America has not yet been resolved. The recent pension reforms have not contributed to solving it but have, in fact, made individuals more vulnerable in terms of social safety nets. In other words, the inequity typical of the region's social security systems has been compounded by new forms of inequity that have emerged along with the reforms.
The specific objective of this study is to analyze ways in which the principles of obligatory affiliation to the system enshrined in the pension legislation may be reconciled with inequalities inheren…
1 Ago 2004, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:09
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This article examines the unsuccessful attempts made in the 1990s to introduce a market for water in Peru. This reform was thwarted because market operations were identified with water rights privatization, even though a market can perfectly well operate on a basis other than that of private rights, with the State retaining full ownership of the resource. The argument made here is that if these shortcomings were corrected, the creation of a water market would be desirable to improve allocation and management of water and to deal with the increasingly serious difficulties associated with the ad…
1 Jun 2004, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:04
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What is poverty, how to measure it and how to tackle it, are the three questions to which this document responds, on the basis of the theoretical framework of gender studies.
The harmonization of policies for economic growth, social equity and gender equity is a challenge that can no longer be ignored.
Poverty is considered as the result of power relations that first of all affect men and women in a different way, but then also indigenous and Afro-descendent women, older adults and the inhabitants of certain areas. The multidimensional nature of this phenomenon is shown, as well as the virtues…
19 Mayo 2004, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:03
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The World Summit on Sustainable Development, held in Johannesburg, August 2002, responded to a new cycle of global meetings that began with the Millennium Summit. The main characteristic of this new cycle is that the focus of the debate has moved away from declarations of principle toward identifying objectives and areas of concrete action, with quantitative commitments and deadlines for compliance. Debates about energy held an important position in Johannesburg. The positive links between access to energy, eliminating poverty and improving People's health and quality of life were emphasi…
1 Abr 2004, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:04
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In the fourth quarter of 2003, net capital flows to emerging markets accelerated sharply to reach a 3-year high of US$187 billion, a 50% increase from the US$124 billion reached in 2002. This increase is the result of the combination of abundant global liquidity, strong economic growth, and the improving credit quality of borrowers in both mature and emerging markets. Emerging markets were favored by moderate volatility, low risk-free interest rates and rising commodity prices. In addition, a weak US dollar, solid cash flows and search for yield supported the rally to Latin American countries.…
1 Abr 2004, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:09
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This article aims to determine whether the geographical pattern
of the external trade of foreign-owned enterprises in Brazil differs
from that of domestic enterprises and whether, in the case of foreign
enterprises, the region of origin of their capital is an important factor
in determining that pattern, both in terms of the origin and
destination of their imports and exports and with regard to the
technological content of the pattern. The methodology employed
was panel analysis, applied to a representative set of enterprises,
using trade data broken down by region for 1989, 1997 and 2000.…
CONTENTS I.North American ‘Great Lakes Annex’ released .II. Parliament in Argentine Province approve s new bill to protect the Guaraní Aquifer.III.United States - Mexico water treaty dispute.IV. International Economic Law, Water for Money’s sake.V. The Human Right to Water: Legal and Policy DimensionsThestatements and opinions reported in this Newsletter do not necessarily reflect the views, opinions, or official positions of the United Nations, and are to be exclusively attributed to authors, organizations and media quoted or summarized in the Newslett…
1 Oct 2004, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:09
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Abstract The Chilean wine industry performed remarkably well over the past decades. Wines from Chile have found their way to consumers all over the world. This paper explores the factors that have supported the successful performance. In particular, through a questionnaire to key informants it tries to measure to what extent conscious collective action by local stakeholders to solve common problems of the industry in Chile and thereby create a shared basis for upgrading, have been relevant. The conclusion is that natural endowments, commercial and technological impulses from abroad and a favo…
1 Ago 2004, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:09
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This paper stems from the debate on food security that has been under way since the World Food Summit of 1996.
It discusses the viability of a type of programmatic proposal deriving from the Rome Declaration and Plan of Action
signed by the Governments of 148 countries, and it suggests that the implementation of the Plan of Action requires
the establishment of a structural link between the population affected by food insecurity -usually unable to make its
views known or exert pressure- and the various authorities responsible for initiating public action. The central
hypothesis of this paper is…
1 Ago 2004, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:04
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The growth of high-quality employment needed to reduce the share of informal
occupation and open unemployment in Peru will require an acceleration
and diversification of private investment in the tradable sector. One of
the main constraints faced is the uncompetitiveness of the
non-extractive tradable sector. In 1990-2003, competitiveness improved
in this sector essentially as a result of lower labour costs, a socially unjust
and economically ineffective route to follow. To raise competitiveness,
it is essential for the macroeconomic regime to include a competitive
real exchange rate (to which…
This paper has been written within the context of the activities of the ECLAC/Division for the Advancement of Women/United Nations Development Account Project on Democratic Governance and Equality in Gender Issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. Its purpose is to present an overview of the social and institutional changes unfolding in the region and the relationships that exist between democratic governance and the reform of societal gender-based practices. The paper postulates that the new modes of democratic governance take the form of institutional changes, that is to say, they manifest…
18 Jun 2004, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:02
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Presentation
The countries of the Latin American and Caribbean region have shown a keen
and lasting interest in mechanisms of economic development and public policies for its
promotion. This is a process in which ECLAC has been involved ever since it was founded
over half a century ago. Today, the debate on these issues continues against the backdrop
of a globalization process in which the remarkable dynamism of some dimensions
-especially its economic, financial and cultural aspects- contrasts with the
slow formation of an institutional network capable of coping with the increased
interdepend…
1 Jun 2004, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:09
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The fiscal burden in OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries more than doubles the overall taxation level in Latin American countries. In terms of revenue composition, OECD countries collect a larger share from direct taxes; there is also a greater component from social contributions. During the nineties, the revival of economic growth and the design of better tax systems enabled fiscal revenues to recover strongly, reaching an increase of 3 points of GDP (Gross Domestic Product). However, this effort has not been sufficient, considering the dynamics of public d…
1 Abr 2004, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:04
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The contagion aspects of the financial and exchange-rate crises in
recent years demonstrate the need to extend the domain of macroeconomic
policy from the national dimension to the regional one. This paper
presents the main concepts and challenges behind macroeconomic policy
cooperation in Latin America and the Caribbean and evaluates them from
a game-theory perspective. Under certain conditions related to the debate
on optimal currency areas, entering into a cooperative dynamic will be beneficial for all participants. Moreover, it is shown that because the welfare gains from regional cooperat…
9 Ene 2004, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:09
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Describes the impetus for the Netherlands-funded project NET/00/79 Development of Marine-based Strategy and the role of the report on Yachting in that venture. Provides working definitions of various yachts, the yachting industry, tourists, and yachting establishments. Discusses generally the relevance of the yachting industry to Caribbean tourism and economies. Explores the human and social dimension of yachting and provides and overview of the environmental issues related to the yachting sector. Identifies the challenges facing the industry, such as lack of recognition, crime, and la…
In the light of the extent of global poverty and the challenge
presented by the Millennium Development Goals for its reduction, this article analyzes one of the clearest and most effective ways of reducing poverty: trade liberalization -especially agricultural trade- by the industrialized countries. 75 percent of all the poor worldwide are in the rural sector of the developing countries, and the agricultural products that these countries could sell face protectionist barriers -tariffs, nontariff measures, subsidies- imposed by the industrialized countries. This article examines the topic in de…
The method that Celso Furtado used was essentially historical; his
passion -a measured passion- was for Brazil. In the second half of the twentieth century no intellectual contributed more than him to the understanding of Brazil. He was committed to its development, frustrated with its incapacity to achieve it, and always acute in analyzing the economic and political challenges that the country successively faced. In order to demonstrate these ideas, this paper presents a broad review of Furtado's work.
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1 Ago 2004, 00:00 - 14 Oct 2025, 18:09
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Productive development in open economies OPINION by José Luis Machinea Regional integration will improve international participation Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean have three speed economies Public-private alliance proposed to improve regional infrastructure Latin America and the Caribbean are behind in research and development New social cohesion covenant for the region Industrial legacy key to Puerto Rico's economic development Statistical Appendix Recent Titles Calendar…
Reseña Este documento fue preparado por Ricardo Bitrán, Consultor de la Unidad de Estudios Especiales de CEPAL, bajo el componente de Macroeconomía, equidad y seguridad social, del proyecto CEPAL/GTZ: Policy Strategies for Sustainable Development in Latin America and the Caribbean: Promotion of a Socially Sustainable Economic Policy (GER/01/31) , que contó con el apoyo de la Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zusammenarbeit (GTZ). Preparado como apoyo al documento La protección social de cara al futuro: Acceso, financiamiento y solidaridad presentado en el XXXI Período d…