Durante los últimos quince años, se han ido consolidando en Argentina varios complejos turísticos a lo largo de la Cordillera de los Andes que, si bien tienen una larga historia previa y características distintivas, también, comparten muchos elementos. Por una parte, están orientados hacia un conjunto de productos turísticos que se asientan en torno al valor singular de un recurso natural (interés paisajístico, esparcimiento, aventura, actividades náuticas, reserva natural de flora y fauna, deportes invernales, entre otros). Por otra parte, están basados en una …
Abstract In this overview we analyse, first, why funds continued to flow towards emerging economies, while fundamentals in host countries had been deteriorating before the Asian crisis (a rising external deficit, with a significant liquid component; appreciating exchange rates; low capital formation, particularly in Latin America), and why funding remains dry for long since 1998; the role of the nature of the predominant agents and of a process of flows rather than one-shot building of stock of foreign capital are stressed. Then, the analysis focuses on the interrelations of capital flows and …
Abstract During the Asian crisis, intermediate exchange rate regimes vanished. It has been argued that those regimes were no longer useful and only the extremes remained valid. The paper analyses three foreign exchange regimes: Argentina (pegged), Chile (band) and Mexico (float). The Argentinean currency board delivered low financial volatility while it was credible, but even then it displayed high real volatility. Mexican float performed well in periods of instability isolating the real sector. The Chilean band delivered a mixed outcome as compared …
Los flujos de inversión extranjera (IED) hacia América Latina y el Caribe, que venían disminuyendo desde el 2000, lo hicieron a un ritmo aún mayor en el 2002. Esta evolución refleja un importante cambio en la economía mundial y regional. A nivel regional, destacan la mayor inestabilidad, el bajo crecimiento económico y el agotamiento del proceso de privatizaciones. Crisis nacionales como las de Argentina, Uruguay y Venezuela hicieron que los inversionistas se mostraran más reacios a asumir riesgos. El escaso crecimiento de la demanda estadounidense afectó la inversión en México, Centroaméric…
En este documento se expone una apreciación de los principales rasgos de la situación actual del sector agropecuario de los países del Istmo Centroamericano. En el primer capítulo se presentan algunas consideraciones sobre el contexto internacional agrícola y las variables macroeconómicas de la región que marcaron la evolución del sector agropecuario en 2001 y 2002. En ese sentido destaca la caída de los precios internacionales, en particular la drástica contracción de las cotizaciones del café y la consolidación de prácticas proteccionistas por parte de los países desarrollados. Asimism…
Resumen
Éste es un estudio de caso para Colombia, con recomendaciones de política de regulación bancaria para otorgar mayor estabilidad a la
disponibilidad de crédito, evitando fluctuaciones crediticias que tienden a agudizar los ciclos económicos. A este propósito, dos son los temas cruciales que descansan en la regulación bancaria estrictamente prudencial: el tratamiento del margen de solvencia y el tratamiento de
las provisiones que los créditos malos generan, revisándose el impacto
de la segunda regla sobre la aplicación de la primera.
Para tal efecto, se ha dividido el trabajo en siete ca…
Résumé Ce rapport est consacré à l'étude des conditions requises pour que 18 pays d'amérique latine et des Caraïbes puissent réaliser l'objectif de réduction de l'extrême pauvreté énoncé dans la Déclaration du Millénaire dans le cadre des Objectifs de développement pour le Millénaire des Nations Unies. Les 18 pays envisagés dans ce rapport sont les suivants: Argentine, Bolivie, Brésil, Chili, Colombie, Costa Rica, Equateur, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexique, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Pérou, République dominicaine, Uruguay et Venezuela. Ce rapport cherc…
Abstract
This paper explores the complementary use of two instruments to manage capital-account volatility in developing countries: capital account regulations and counter-cyclical prudential regulation of domestic financial intermediaries. Capital-account regulations can provide useful instruments in terms of both improving debt profiles and facilitating the adoption of (possibly temporary); counter-cyclical macroeconomic policies. Prudential regulation and supervision should take into account not only the microeconomic risks, but also the macroeconomic risks associated with boom-bust cycles.…
Abstract This paper looks at the evolution of the terms of trade between commodities and manufactures in the twentieth century. A statistical analysis of the relative price series for 24 commodities and of eight indices reveals a significant deterioration in their barter terms of trade over the course of the twentieth century. This decline was neither continuous, nor was it distributed evenly among individual products, however. The data show that the far-reaching changes that the world economy underwent around 1920 and again around 1980 led to…
The services sector has grown significantly in most countries and in the world economy as a whole. This has been observed in the progression from primary to secondary and/or tertiary sector-led economic growth and development. Services contribute significantly to output, employment and exports. They account for about 80% of the United States output (GDP) and about 65% of GDP of the European Union. Developed countries are the largest service exporters accounting for over 70% of services traded in the late 1990s. Although developing countries account for a relatively smal…
Discusses the challenges facing key sectors in the Caribbean region, paying particular attention to agriculture, tourism, nutrition and health, manufacturing, energy, and the eco-system. Explores how the new technologies might be used in each sector to impact the development process.…
Abstract Based on the analysis of the Argentinean currency board and the full dollarization scheme in Ecuador this paper argues that an intermediate exchange rate regime (compared to free floating or hard peg) will be a better option for countries subject to external financial shocks and a worldwide export and import structure. It shows that the Argentine convertibility system was successful as an anti-inflationary program. However, the reduction in the inflation rate has been accompanied by a dramatic change in relative prices of tradable and non tradable goods and services, which ha…
Abstract New technological options that permit the use of digital systems to create and disseminate information around the world are paving the way for new means of organizing society and economic production and are gradually giving rise to a meta-paradigm that has come to be referred to as the Information Society. Viewed from the perspective of developing countries, the question of how to employ this emerging paradigm to achieve broader development goals and to integrate them more fully into the global Information Society is an issue of the utmost importance on the development agenda…
Presentación A fines de 1999 se iniciaron los trabajos del proyecto Competitividad de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MIPYME) en Centroamérica, que fue desarrollado conjuntamente por la Agencia Alemana de Cooperación (GTZ, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit) y la Sede Subregional en México de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL). Su resultado se presenta ahora en la serie de estudios que componen los diversos capítulos de este libro. Con esta investigación se enriquece la trayectoria de los aportes de la CEPAL en el tema del desarrollo …
Los desastres tienen un efecto negativo sobre las condiciones de vida de la población, el desempeño económico de los países o regiones en que ocurren, además de que perjudican el acervo y los servicios ambientales. Las secuelas de los desastres se prolongan más allá del corto plazo y, en ocasiones, provocan cambios irreversibles tanto en las estructuras económicas y sociales como en el medio ambiente. En el caso de los países industrializados, los desastres afectan gravemente las considerables existencias de capital acumulado, en tanto que las pérdidas de vidas humanas son limitadas gr…
Hubert Escaith is Director of Statistics and Economic Projections Division, ECLAC. The views expressed in this document, which has been reproduced without formal editing, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Organization.. This paper was prepared for the REDIMA workshop on Modeling Macroeconomic Coordination in the Andean Community, Santiago, Chile 22 October 2003. Introduction The early 1990s opened a new era for the analysis of economic interactions between Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) countries. Two channels, real and financial, conveyed th…
At the turn, of the twentieth century, a large number of Europeans -mainly Italians and Spaniards- left their homelands and headed to the distant southern shores of Argentina responding to the good economic opportunities, fertile land and a better future that were to be found in this country, at the time one of the most vibrant world economies. Around 7 million people migrated from Europe to Argentina between 1870 and 1930, although near 3 million returned back at different point in time during those years. Also foreign capital responded to the opportunities opened in Argentina and British fin…
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