This article analyses the levels and evolution of social inequalities in Colombia over the last 25 years, describing the main recent trends in Colombian social development, comparing them with past periods, and contrasting them with those of other countries. First of all, a recent estimate of income distribution and the rest of the social indicators is given. Next, trends in the distribution of monetary income over the period 1938-1993 are analysed, the impact of social expenditure on secondary income distribution is examined, and on this basis trends in the distribution of income effectively …
The fact that different studies seeking to measure poverty in a given country often give differing results, although they apparently use the same method and the same data sources, has long disconcerted both experts in the field and the public in general. Such discrepancies (regarding the size of the phenomenon and the characteristics of households considered to be poor); reduce the credibility and technical reliability of these measurements, shed doubts on estimates of the level and evolution of poverty, and hinder international comparisons. This is why it is important to foster greater consen…
This article studies the effect of the stabilization of fiscal expenditure and the anti-cyclical use of taxes as stabilization variables in the Chilean economy, through the calibration of a basic macroeconomic model adapted to the actual conditions of that economy. The results show that some 25% of the variability of economic growth could be eliminated by obviating fiscal cyclical impulses through constant growth of public investment and consumption and through anti-cyclical taxes. On the one hand, it is proposed that a system of stabilization of the growth of fiscal expenditure should be esta…
This article makes both a theoretical and an empirical analysis of the new policies applied in Argentina since 1992 with regard to the treatment accorded to capital goods: exemption from import duties, with drawback facilities for domestic producers in respect of their local sales. The new system is evaluated through a detailed analysis of its effects on demand for capital goods (section II);; on the domestic supply of such goods (section III);; and on some macroeconomic variables such as the fiscal balance (section IV); and the external balance (section V);. Some aspects relating to the manag…
Summary
Presents an overview of the status of trade liberalization in the countries of the ACS and concludes that most countries have implemented substantial trade and investment reforms which have resulted in more liberalized trading regimes and a more welcoming environment for foreign investment. Obstacles to trade and investment are examined and recommendations made in respect of the ACS Secretariat. , 19970324 , Len Ishmael , Publications 1997 Port of Spain …
Resumen
Uruguay cuenta con un sistema de enseñanza en el cual hay una muy importante
participación del sector público a través de una oferta gratuita. Con este trabajo se pretende
contribuir al estudio de la distribución de dicho gasto, En las tres primeras secciones del trabajo, se presentan aspectos preliminares que
conciernen a la distribución del ingreso utilizada, las definiciones operativas
utilizadas para medir el gasto público en enseñanza y el método de estimación de su distribución. En
términos generales, se trabaja con el ingreso por persona, resultado de prorratear el ingreso
famil…
The Social Panorama of Latin America provides a yearly appraisal of the most notable aspects of social trends in Latin America with regard to employment, income distribution, poverty, the status of children and young people, gender and social expenditure. The publication also follows up on the governments'social agenda and examines the direction taken by social policy in the areas of education, health, housing, public safety and government spending. In view of the importance attributed by the region's Governments to the subject of poverty and the fact that 1996 was the International…
El Panorama social de América Latina presenta una evaluación anual de los aspectos más destacados de la evolución social latinoamericana en las áreas de empleo, distribución del ingreso, pobreza, infancia, juventud, género y gasto social. En esta publicación se incluye también un seguimiento de la agenda social de los gobiernos y se examinan las orientaciones de la política social con respecto a la educación, la salud, la vivienda, la seguridad ciudadana y el gasto público. En la edición de 1996 del Panorama se da prioridad al tema de la pobreza en atención a la importancia que los gobiernos v…
Bajo el título Las reformas sociales en acción este número de la serie Políticas Sociales reúne las ponencias presentadas al panel sobre educación de la Reunión de expertos sobre eficiencia y equidad en las reformas sociales de los años 90 , realizada en la CEPAL, en Santiago de Chile, entre el 22 y el 24 de agosto de 1995. Frente a la convicción de que no basta con aumentar el esfuerzo en el campo social, sino que es necesario además revisar los instrumentos económicos y sociales y las reformas sectoriales, considerando su contribución simultánea al crecimiento y …