This article conducts an empirical analysis of the role of intergovernmental transfers in a group of regions (departments) in Uruguay during the period 2006–2014. It examines the structure and evolution of regional fiscal disparities and the equalizing effects of the current transfer system. It then proposes an innovative methodology for simulating the effects of a new system of equalization transfers. The main finding is that implementing this new system would help to consolidate greater territorial fiscal homogeneity in Uruguay.…
En este artículo se analiza el rol de las transferencias intergubernamentales a partir de un análisis empírico aplicado a un grupo de regiones (departamentos) del Uruguay durante el período 2006-2014. Se examina la estructura y evolución de las disparidades fiscales regionales y los efectos ecualizadores del actual sistema de transferencias. Luego, se propone una metodología novedosa que permite simular los efectos de la implementación de un nuevo sistema de transferencias de tipo ecualizador. El principal resultado muestra que la implementación de este nuevo sistema de transferencias ecualiza…
Competitiveness and its determinants: a systemic analysis for developing countries / Victor Medeiros, Lucas Gonçalves Godoi and Evandro Camargos Teixeira .-- The gross domestic product (GDP) shares of the agriculture sector and the hydrocarbon and mining sector in the countries of South America between 1960 and 2014 / Pedro Henrique de Abreu Paiva and Carlos José Caetano Bacha .-- Green jobs in Argentina: opportunities to move forward with the environmental and social agenda / Christoph Ernst, Ana Sofía Rojo Brizuela and Daniele Epifanio .-- Income elasticities and inequality of poverty in urb…
This article analyses the GDP shares of the agriculture sector and the hydrocarbon and mining sector in the South American countries between 1960 and 2014. Although the share of the agriculture sector has been trending downward in South America, common features can be observed in three subgroups of countries. The first comprises the founding members of MERCOSUR, where agricultural and agro-industrial trade was in surplus and the share of the agriculture sector rose back up between 2002 and 2007. The second subgroup are the Andean countries, where the agriculture sector share of GDP declined fr…
Se analiza la participación de los sectores agropecuario, de hidrocarburos y minería en el PIB de los países sudamericanos entre 1960 y 2014. Si bien la participación del sector agropecuario de los países sudamericanos presenta una tendencia a la baja, se observan aspectos comunes entre tres subgrupos de países. El primero está formado por los países fundadores del MERCOSUR, cuya balanza comercial de productos agropecuarios y agroindustriales fue superavitaria y en los que la participación del sector agropecuario volvió a crecer entre 2002 y 2007. El segundo subgrupo corresponde a los países a…
The Argentine economy has been becoming greener because of a new political orientation, international commitments (the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development) and private sector initiatives. This transition is having economic and social impacts. The aim of the present article is to determine the potential of the economy to create green jobs that protect workers and the environment. In 2015, 7% of formal jobs were green and presented better average employment conditions than the rest. They were predominantly in goods production and the provision of urban services, such …
La economía argentina se vuelve más verde por una nueva orientación política, resultado del cambio climático, de los compromisos internacionales (Protocolo de Paris, Agenda 2030) y de las iniciativas privadas. Esta transición tiene impactos económicos y sociales. Este estudio quiere identificar el potencial de la economía para crear empleo verde, que protege al ambiente y al trabajador.
En 2015, el 7% de los empleos formales son verdes y, en promedio, presentan mejores condiciones laborales. Predominan en actividades de producción de bienes y servicios urbanos, como saneamiento y transporte. L…
This study sets out to obtain values for the income elasticities and inequality of poverty in urban and rural areas of the Brazilian states. A panel data methodology capable of capturing spatial effects via a spatial lag model is used to identify whether there are spatial spillovers of poverty in the census situations studied. Changes in growth and inequality lead to spatial spillovers in the proportion of poor people in Brazil’s urban areas, but this does not happen at all in rural areas. By demonstrating the existence of spatial spillovers in urban areas, the study shows that anti-poverty me…
Highlights
• In the third quarter of 2019, the U.S. economy grew at a 2.1% annualized rate. Growth was driven by consumer and government spending, and a buildup in inventories.
• The third quarter of 2019 was the 41st consecutive quarter of growth and November the 125th month of consecutive growth for the U.S. economy. The current expansion is the longest on record.
• The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) cut the federal funds rate three times this year, in July, September and October, due to slowing global growth and trade uncertainty, contributing to diminish recession fears. Federal Rese…
En este estudio se explora cómo las políticas estructurales en América Latina y el Caribe dan forma implícita y explícita a las experiencias de las comunidades que viven en diversas realidades rurales en la región. En particular, se presenta un análisis crítico de una de las políticas estructurales más importantes introducidas en la región durante las últimas décadas, la descentralización fiscal.
América Latina y el Caribe presenta una amplia variedad de éxitos y fracasos relacionados con la descentralización fiscal, lo que dificulta que se lleve a cabo una evaluación decisiva sobre los impact…
Este estudio simula los alcances sociales y económicos de implementar la hipoteca inversa en Chile. Usando la Encuesta de Protección Social (EPS, 2009) y metodologías de simulación recientes se analiza el aporte monetario que lleva aparejado la contratación de este instrumento, que consiste en un sistema de pagos periódicos de manera vitalicia. Los individuos que podrían acceder a la hipoteca inversa serían aquellos pensionados y propietarios de su vivienda, lo que supone el 70% de la población constituida por personas mayores. El aporte monetario es creciente a tasas que van en aumento en fun…
The economic overview for Latin America and the Caribbean in 2019 is occurring in a particularly complex context. The region is exhibiting an economic deceleration that is widespread and synchronized among countries and sectors, topping off six consecutive years of low growth, ECLAC indicated today in its last annual report released at its central headquarters in Santiago, Chile.
In its Preliminary Overview of the Economies of Latin America and the Caribbean 2019, the United Nations regional organization indicates that the deceleration in domestic demand is being accompanied by low external ag…
El balance económico de América Latina y el Caribe en 2019 se presenta en un contexto particularmente complejo. La región muestra una desaceleración económica generalizada y sincronizada a nivel de países y de sectores, completando seis años consecutivos de bajo crecimiento, señaló hoy la CEPAL en su último informe anual dado a conocer en su sede central de Santiago, Chile.
En su Balance Preliminar de las Economías de América Latina y el Caribe 2019, el organismo regional de las Naciones Unidas indica que la desaceleración en la demanda interna se acompaña por una baja demanda agregada externa…
O balanço econômico da América Latina e do Caribe em 2019 é apresentado em um contexto particularmente complexo. A região mostra uma desaceleração econômica generalizada e sincronizada em países e setores, completando seis anos consecutivos de baixo crescimento, afirmou hoje a CEPAL em seu último relatório anual divulgado em sua sede em Santiago, Chile.
Em seu Balanço Preliminar das Economias da América Latina e do Caribe 2019, a Comissão Regional das Nações Unidas indica que a desaceleração da demanda interna é acompanhada por uma baixa demanda agregada externa e mercados financeiros internac…
These are the main highlights of the Capital Flows to Latin America, Third Quarter 2019 edition:
• International bond issuance from Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) in the third quarter (Q3) of 2019 was US$ 39.3 billion. It was up 17% from the second quarter, and up 541% from the third quarter of 2018, and it was the highest third-quarter issuance since 2010.
• From January to October 2019, the region’s total bond issuance reached US$ 103 billion, 20% higher than in the same period in 2018.
• The three top issuers, sovereign and corporate issuance combined, accounted for 65% of the tota…
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