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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has generated a health, human and economic crisis without precedent in the past century. The region has responded rapidly, adopting packages of fiscal measures of diverse magnitude and scope. In this context, fiscal policy must play a key role in mitigating the human and economic impact in the short term, while also continuing to provide the impulse for achieving sustainable and inclusive growth in a post-COVID-19 world. As well as analysing the fiscal policy challenges of the current crisis, the Fiscal Panorama of Latin America and the Caribbean, 20…
In the context of the global coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) is preparing a series of short publications with relevant policy recommendations for this period. This note includes several recommendations for the continued collection of information linked to national accounts, balance-of-payments and foreign trade statistics.…
In the context of the global coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) is preparing a series of short publications with relevant policy recommendations. A number of recommendations are made in this note to address bias problems that may arise in household surveys carried out during this exceptional period, as a complement to the suggestions made in a previous note on the sample designs for this type of survey.…
La publicación Estadísticas tributarias en América Latina y el Caribe 2020 presenta datos detallados y comparables a nivel internacional sobre los ingresos tributarios de 26 economías latinoamericanas y caribeñas, dos de las cuales son miembros de la OCDE. Su enfoque se basa en la metodología bien establecida de la base de datos Revenue Statistics de la OCDE, que se ha convertido en una referencia esencial para los países miembros de la OCDE. Se presentan también comparaciones con los promedios de indicadores tributarios para las economías de la OCDE. El informe ofrece un panorama general de l…
In the context of the global coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) is preparing a series of short publications with relevant policy recommendations for this period. This note makes several recommendations for the continued collection of price information from which the consumer price index (CPI) is calculated.…
This paper compares medicine prices in the six largest economies in Latin America. Using a panel-based econometric model with country fixed effects and controlling for variables related to the medicines’ characteristics, the comparison covers 19,741 units sold during the 2010–2015 period and has been carried out at the wholesale and retail levels and by type of medication (innovative, branded generic and generic). At the aggregate level and at the retail pharmacy level, the classification from least to most expensive is: Peru, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Colombia and Brazil. In innovative medici…
This article seeks to identify and analyse the pattern of specialization in the export structure of North-East Brazil in 2003–2014, following the expansion of international trade with the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa). The Aliceweb and Trademap databases are used to calculate the relevant indicators, namely the specialization coefficient, revealed comparative advantage, contribution to the trade balance, and degree of intraindustry trade. Trade with the BRICS countries led to exports being reorganized by specialization groups, thereby confirming a …
This paper presents a methodology to evaluate the international position of national innovation systems. Data on patents, scientific articles, population and gross domestic product (GDP) for all countries for 1974, 1982, 1990, 1998, 2006, 2012 and 2014 form the basis for the application of this country clustering methodology. In addition to establishing a threshold between clusters (the core-periphery divide interpreted on the basis of science and technology data), it is possible to capture movement in thresholds, driven by technological revolutions in core countries. The result is a dynamic f…
The debate about what kind of impact current technological changes will have on employment is marked by a high degree of uncertainty, as is clear from the existence of widely differing estimates of the possible extent of job destruction. This article looks at various contributions to the analysis of how labour markets may be restructured and different projections of job destruction, job creation and changes in the nature of employment. A comparative consideration of the available evidence for developed countries and for the Latin American and Caribbean region based on a conditioned contextual …
Technological change and employment in Latin America: opportunities and challenges / Jürgen Weller .-- A comparative analysis of medicine prices in Latin America / Roberto Álvarez and Aldo González .-- Innovation systems and changes in the core-periphery divide: notes on a methodology to determine countries’ trajectories using science and technology statistics / Catari Vilela Chaves, Leonardo Costa Ribeiro, Ulisses Pereira dos Santos and Eduardo da Motta e Albuquerque .-- Corruption, production structure and economic development in developing countries / Helis Cristina Zanuto Andrade Santos an…
Index numbers are the basic tool for synthesizing economic statistics, to enable the formulae used to express and describe variables such as a country’s economic growth or an economy’s inflation rate, and also to make international comparisons. If different formulae are used, the results vary, and comparisons are not valid; so it is important to understand the formulae being used. Moreover, countries and international organizations need to promote common practices that harmonize and standardize measurements. Although index numbers are associated with macroeconomics, their theoretical foundatio…
In the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic, ECLAC is preparing a series of short publications with relevant policy recommendations. A number of recommendations are made in this note on gathering labour market information through household surveys, paying particular attention to the sample designs required for this purpose.…
En el Anuario Estadístico de América Latina y el Caribe de la CEPAL se presenta un conjunto de estadísticas básicas que caracterizan la situación económica, sociodemográfica y ambiental de la región referidas a un período en particular. Esta información forma parte del conjunto de estadísticas disponibles en CEPALSTAT, el portal de bases de datos y publicaciones estadísticas de la CEPAL http://estadisticas.cepal.org/cepalstat/ [en línea]. La presente edición del Anuario contiene datos que se encontraban disponibles hasta mediados de diciembre de 2019. El Anuario consta de tres capítulos. El pr…
The world is facing a humanitarian and health crisis without precedent in the last century. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has battered economies already weakened by slow growth and mounting inequality. As uncertainty grows over the extent of the pandemic, economies and societies are shutting down and coming to a standstill. The short- and even medium-term impacts may be devastating. The region of Latin America and the Caribbean faces this crisis from a situation of economic growth that is insufficient to reduce poverty and increase employment at the pace needed by its societies. …
The Generic Law on Official Statistics for Latin America was adopted by the Statistical Conference of the Americas of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean at its tenth meeting. Its purpose is to provide a regional model for Latin American countries that are interested in formulating or reformulating the legal basis for the functioning of their National Statistical Systems (NSS) and the production of official statistics. The Generic Law defines the rights and obligations of the bodies that compose the National Statistical System as well the principles and procedures to be…
This study presents an assessment of national statistical legal frameworks across the Caribbean. It aims to ascertain the extent to which the UNFPOS are incorporated in the statistical laws of Member and Associate Member Countries of the Caribbean Development and Cooperation Committee (CDCC). Such an assessment provides the basis for making recommendations to the respective countries on policy actions needed to ensure the full incorporation of these principles in their statistics legislation thereby laying a solid foundation for the effective functioning of their NSS. Furthermore, an up-to-dat…
The United Nations Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics (UNFPOS) are considered the basic framework that National Statistical Systems (NSS) must observe in order to produce high quality, independent statistics that support informed decision-making and public confidence in government. The UNFPOS were first adopted in 1994 by the United Nations Statistical Commission. These principles were subsequently endorsed by the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 2013 and the United Nations General Assembly in 2014. Statistical laws in the Caribbean have lagged in incorporating…
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