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During a Lecture at ECLAC, the Undersecretary of State from Poland’s Foreign Affairs Ministry Points Up the Polish Transformation Model
In the last 35 years, Poland has gone from being a developing country to consolidating itself as a developed nation, and from a centrally planned economy to a fully market economy, Wojciech Zajączkowski, Undersecretary of State at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland, stressed today in a keynote lecture he delivered at the main headquarters of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) in Santiago, Chile. The diplomat gave a lecture entitled “The Polish transformation model” in which he analyzed his country’s development over the last three decades, reflected on t…
En conferencia en la CEPAL, Subsecretario de Estado del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Polonia destaca el modelo polaco de transformación
En los últimos 35 años, Polonia ha transitado de ser un país en vías de desarrollo a consolidarse como una nación desarrollada, y de una economía centralmente planificada a una plenamente de mercado, destacó hoy Wojciech Zajączkowski, Subsecretario de Estado del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Polonia, durante una conferencia magistral dictada en la sede principal de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) en Santiago, Chile. El diplomático presentó la conferencia titulada “El modelo polaco de transformación”, en la que examinó el desarrollo de su país d…
Capital Flows to Latin America and the Caribbean in five charts: first nine months of 2025
Latin America and the Caribbean set a new annual record for international bond issuance in just nine months of 2025.…
Capital flows to Latin America and the Caribbean: first nine months of 2025
Latin American and Caribbean international bond issuance totalled US$ 161 billion in the first nine months of 2025, 32% higher than the full-year total for 2024 and the highest amount on record. The average coupon rate of 6.6%, compared with 7.1% in 2024, points to easing external financing costs. The market remained open to high-yield issuers, though investment-grade borrowers accounted for 64% of total issuance. While overall issuance reached new highs, green, social, sustainability and sustainability-linked (GSSS) bond issuance moved in the opposite direction. The region issued US$ 14.05 bi…
Revista CEPAL Nº 146
Tax expenditures for environmental sustainability: international experiences in their identification and evaluation to enhance their governance
This report analyses tax expenditures aimed at promoting environmentally sustainable production activities and processes. Drawing on a global-scope database and a set of specific international experiences, it explores how these instruments are currently being used and evaluated. To this end, it presents a methodology for identifying and classifying the environmental tax expenditures applied in different parts of the world. It also provides an in-depth analysis of four country cases (Germany, Indonesia, Ireland and South Africa), with an emphasis on how they are evaluated. The document also add…
Gastos tributarios para la sostenibilidad ambiental: experiencias internacionales de identificación y evaluación para mejorar su gobernanza
En este informe se analizan los gastos tributarios orientados a fomentar actividades y procesos de producción ambientalmente sostenibles. A partir de una base de datos con alcance mundial y un conjunto de experiencias internacionales específicas, se explora aquí la forma en que se están utilizando y evaluando actualmente esos instrumentos. Para ello, se presenta una metodología de identificación y clasificación de los gastos tributarios ambientales aplicados en diferentes partes del mundo. Además, se ofrece un análisis en profundidad de cuatro casos de país (Alemania, Indonesia, Irlanda y Sudá…
Individual earnings differentials by education level in Brazil: the greater inequality of the informal sector
In Brazil, workforce composition by age-education groups and distribution between the formal and informal sectors changed from 1980 to 2010. We estimate whether these area-level compositions reduced earnings of the least-educated individuals further. Our main hypothesis is that earnings are lower for residents of areas with higher proportions of less-educated and informal sector workers. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions performed on census data are used to estimate variations in male urban workers’ individual earnings, including several individual- and area-level independent variables.…
Países miembros de la CEPAL acuerdan fortalecer el multilateralismo y reconocen el papel indispensable de las Comisiones Regionales de las Naciones Unidas para la implementación de la Agenda 2030
Embajadores y representantes oficiales de los países miembros de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) reafirmaron hoy su compromiso con el fortalecimiento del multilateralismo y reconocieron el papel indispensable de las Comisiones Regionales de las Naciones Unidas -entre ellas la CEPAL- como motores para la implementación de la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible, durante el Trigésimo octavo período de sesiones del Comité Plenario de la Comisión. Reunidos en la sede de las Naciones Unidas en Nueva York, las autoridades presentes revisaron el informe de acti…
ECLAC’s Member Countries Agree to Strengthen Multilateralism and Recognize the Vital Role of the United Nations Regional Commissions for Implementing the 2030 Agenda
Ambassadors and other official representatives of the member countries of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) reaffirmed their commitment today to strengthening multilateralism and recognized the vital role of the United Nations Regional Commissions – including ECLAC – as engines for implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, during the thirty-eighth session of the Commission’s Committee of the Whole. Gathered at the United Nations headquarters in New York, the participating authorities reviewed the report on ECLAC’s activities in 2024 and li…
Report on the activities of the Commission, 2024
ECLAC is one of the five regional commissions of the United Nations. Established in February 1948 and headquartered in Santiago, the Commission’s main mandate is to contribute to the sustainable development of Latin America and the Caribbean. In June 1951, the Commission established the ECLAC subregional headquarters in Mexico City, which serves the needs of the Central American countries, as well as Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti and Mexico, and in December 1966, the ECLAC subregional headquarters for the Caribbean was founded in Port of Spain, to serve the Caribbean subregion. In addit…
Report on the activities of the Commission, 2024
ECLAC is one of the five regional commissions of the United Nations. Established in February 1948 and headquartered in Santiago, the Commission’s main mandate is to contribute to the sustainable development of Latin America and the Caribbean. In June 1951, the Commission established the ECLAC subregional headquarters in Mexico City, which serves the needs of the Central American countries, as well as Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti and Mexico, and in December 1966, the ECLAC subregional headquarters for the Caribbean was founded in Port of Spain, to serve the Caribbean subregion. In addit…
Informe de actividades de la Comisión, 2024
La CEPAL es una de las cinco comisiones regionales de las Naciones Unidas. Fue creada en febrero de 1948 y su sede se encuentra en Santiago. Su mandato principal es el de contribuir al desarrollo sostenible de América Latina y el Caribe. En junio de 1951, se estableció en la Ciudad de México la sede subregional de la CEPAL en México, que atiende las necesidades de los países de Centroamérica y de Cuba, Haití, México y la República Dominicana. Posteriormente, en diciembre de 1966, se estableció en Puerto España la sede subregional de la CEPAL para el Caribe, que sirve a los países de esa subreg…
ECLAC Updates Growth Projections for Latin America and the Caribbean: An Expansion of 2.4% is Expected in 2025 and 2.3% in 2026
The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) updated its growth projections for the region, estimating that Gross Domestic Product (GDP) will rise 2.4% in 2025 and 2.3% in 2026. The new estimate for 2025 represents an upward revision from the 2.2% forecast in the Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean 2025, published on August 5. This is the second upward revision since April, when the outlook for regional growth was 2.0%. With this update, the expectation for regional growth is identical to the figure presented in December 2024 (2.4%). In a press releas…
CEPAL actualiza las proyecciones de crecimiento de América Latina y el Caribe: para 2025 se espera una expansión de 2,4% y para 2026 de 2,3%
La Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) actualizó sus proyecciones de crecimiento para la región y estima que el producto interno bruto (PIB) aumentará 2,4% en 2025 y 2,3% en 2026. La nueva estimación para 2025 representa una revisión al alza respecto al 2,2% previsto en el Estudio Económico de América Latina y el Caribe 2025, publicado el 5 de agosto pasado. Esta sería la segunda revisión al alza desde abril, cuando la previsión del crecimiento regional fue de 2,0%. Con esta actualización, la expectativa del crecimiento regional es igual a la presentada en diciembre…
A CEPAL atualiza as projeções de crescimento da América Latina e do Caribe: para 2025, espera-se uma expansão de 2,4% e, para 2026, de 2,3%
A Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e o Caribe (CEPAL) atualizou suas projeções de crescimento para a região e estima que o produto interno bruto (PIB) aumentará 2,4% em 2025 e 2,3% em 2026.A nova estimativa para 2025 representa uma revisão para cima em relação aos 2,2% previstos no Estudo Econômico da América Latina e do Caribe 2025, publicado em 5 de agosto passado. Esta seria a segunda revisão para cima desde abril, quando a previsão de crescimento regional era de 2,0%. Com essa atualização, a expectativa de crescimento regional volta ao mesmo nível apresentado em dezembro de 20…