¿Es el grado de competitividad de los países independiente de su grado de desigualdad? ¿Es la competitividad una cuestión sólo de eficiencia microeconómica y sectorial, del tipo de cambio real, o es también una cuestión social? Hasta ahora los trabajos que se encuentra en la literatura han hecho abstracción del problema de la equidad en la determinación de la competitividad de los países. Pero entonces no han podido explicar plenamente la competitividad observada. En este artículo se incorpora la equidad en la función de producción y también en las decisiones de los inversionistas en un mundo …
Is the degree of competitiveness of countries independent of their degree of inequality? Is competitiveness only a question of microeconomic and sectoral efficiency, of the real exchange rate, or is it also a social question? So far, the specialized literature has ignored the problem of equity in the determination of countries' competitiveness. It has then been unable to provide a full explanation of the competitiveness actually observed, however. In this article, equity is incorporated into the production function and also into investors' decisions in a world of perfect mobility of …
Presentación
En los últimos años, la Oficina de CEPAL en Buenos Aires ha efectuado algunos estudios sobre aspectos vinculados a la inserción externa de Argentina en el marco del acuerdo de comercio internacional convenido con sus países limítrofes. Las recientes negociaciones para la constitución del Acuerdo de Libre Comercio de las Américas agrega un nuevo punto de observación a la inserción internacional del país en la región. En este contexto, y con la finalidad de contribuir a la discusión sobre este tema, se ha decidido presentar en el presente documento los dos últimos trabajos elaborado…
Latin America has partly overcome the short-term adjustment stage following the external debt crisis and is now in a stage of restructuring marked by opening up to external markets. These changes, which have included the reorganization of production processes, with the incorporation of new technologies, have altered the composition of the labour market and had a strong impact on Women's labour participation. One of the most noticeable effects has been what is known as the 'feminization of the labour force' . The broad structural trends, at times magnified by the crisis and adjus…
Summary
In general economic expansion in the Caribbean countries was slightly more robust in 1997 than in the preceding year. However, the rate of growth experienced by the countries surveyed was more uneven than in 1996. The sectors recording strongest performance were tourism, construction and the distributive trades. Agriculture turned in a mixed performance with declining output in Barbados, Jamaica and the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS);. The traditional agricultural exports suffered from deteriorating terms of trade while output in the sector as a whole was adversely…
The profound transformations undergone by the economies of Latin America and the Caribbean in recent decades have combined with a massive increase in the number of economically active women to produce significant changes in the labour market. Nonetheless, the indicators used to measure and describe this market have remained unchanged, despite the fact, which it is important to bear in mind, that they were designed for circumstances distinct from today's, with different participants and requirements in policy terms.
Although the importance of measuring the share in economic activity accoun…
As part of the United Nations Development Programs thematic focus on poverty eradication and Poverty Strategy Initiatives, the UNDP, in cooperation with the Armenian Government, the World Bank and the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), organized a workshop on Social Indicators to be held at Yrevan, Armenia on November 13-14, 1997. In accordance with the United Nations Global Conferences and their goals, the workshop pursued as its goal the elaboration of poverty initiatives to alleviate poverty, preserve the human capital and adjust it to new market conditions, wh…
Introducción (primeros párrafos);
La Argentina, un país de base productiva eminentemente agrícola, encaró a partir de la crisis del año 1930 un proceso de industrialización fuertemente intervenido por la acción estatal. Esta experiencia de industrialización tardía se constituyó - con más claridad a partir de la posguerra- en un ejemplo típico de las llamadas Iniciativas de Sustitución de Importaciones (de aquí en más, ISI);.
El desempeño económico del país a lo largo de los casi cincuenta años que estuvo vigente la ISI no fue homogéneo, pero puede decirse que la Argentina logró llevar a cabo l…