Report of the technical meeting of information coordinators and database managers

Volatilidad y ciclo en América Latina: debates, implicancias de política e instrumentos

Notas sobre la economía y el desarrollo de América Latina Año 1998 N°612

Impact of the Asian crisis on Latin America

Twenty-seventh session. Oranjestad, Aruba, 11 to 16 may 1998…

Empresas transnacionales, procesos de reestructuración industrial y políticas económicas en América Latina

Cinqüenta anos de pensamento na CEPAL

Con motivo de la conmemoración de los cincuenta años de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe, ha parecido oportuno publicar una recopilación de los principales trabajos que reflejan la intensa actividad de la Comisión desde 1948 a la fecha. Dicha recopilación se presenta en dos volúmenes. La introducción coloca tales trabajos en perspectiva, con un orden y una estructura que permiten una contextualización histórica y una mirada sobre el conjunto de la labor de la institución. Los documentos de la CEPAL se publican generalmente sin atribuirlos a un autor o un responsable…

Evolution of fiscal policy in the Caribbean: based on data for the period 1987-1996

Summary Fiscal performance showed modest improvement during the period under review. Deficits contracted and so did national debts. This was possible however only because of reduced spending since revenues - capital, recurrent, and grants in aid - fell. Governments found it easier to reduce spending on the purchase of goods and services and on gross investment rather than on wages and salaries or on transfers. In the countries which had experienced severe disequilibrium in the past and therefore had accumulated a large debt, the legacy of interest payments and amortization charges remained…

Review of Caribbean economic performance, 1997: based on data for the period January to June 1997

Summary An examination of first semester performance provided scant hope for a prosperous 1997. Preliminary indications suggested that output did not increase as quickly across the Caribbean as it did in the first semester of 1996. Fiscal deficits increased in most countries, mainly because of buoyant public spending.…

Um olhar de gênero: visibilizando precarizações ao longo das cadeias produtivas

Equity in the public budget

This article aims to make a walk-through in the virtual reality of budgetary and fiscal matters in order to identify the possible degrees of freedom to achieve a higher level of convergence between the public discourse on equity and the real content of public policies aimed at that goal. To this end, the author explores possible answers to four questions: what is the current meaning of the concept of equity; how much leeway is there in the field of taxation for expanding resources and improving vertical equity; what means are there for giving priority to the objective of equity in managing pub…

Pension system reforms, the capital market and saving

Pension system reforms seek to combine and reconcile both economic and social functions. On the basis of both conceptual aspects and the actual experience of Chile, this article illustrates the difficulties encountered in trying to make reforms ensure the fulfillment of both types of functions. These difficulties stem from two factors: i); the need to consider the reform of the pension system as a whole, where, parallel with the capitalization component, it is necessary to develop another pay-as-you-go component to finance the costs of the transition from one pension system to another, minimum…

An integrated macro-model for the Caribbean subregion

This article seeks to calculate a simple integrated macroeconomic model for the Caribbean subregion. Using a homogeneous data series covering the period from 1980 to 1991 for a sample of 12 countries of the subregion and a relatively simple model with non-conflicting specifications of structural relations, a representative and systematic group of estimates is generated for a given set of parameters, with grouped and individual calculations for the countries.…

Swerves and skids by the Venezuelan economy

Now that the neoliberal economic model, which is still in force as Latin America prepares to see out the milennium, has completed a number of years of application, it is becoming increasingly desirable to assess the experience gathered so far. Economists are busily engaged in this task by breaking down and analysing the various characteristics and components of the programmes applied in the different countries. An aspect which is often overlooked in these assessments, however, is the social and political viability of the measures adopted, which does not depend solely on their technical qualiti…

Trade openness and structural change in the Brazilian motor industry

This article aims to classify and analyze the efforts at structural change made in the Brazilian motor industry between 1990 and 1996, seeking to relate them with the economic policy measures which had most impact on the sector. The study begins by examining the explosive increase in domestic demand for motor vehicles, its determining factors, and its main implications, especially the achievement of efficient scales of production and the initiation of a wave of investments which has been further intensified in the last three years. It goes on to study the increase in the technological dynamism…

The equity gap: Latin America, the Caribbean and the Social Summit

The World Summit for Social Development, held in Copenhagen, Denmark, from 6 to 12 March 1995, brought together a large number of heads of State and Government and official representatives from States Members of the United Nations and culminated in the adoption of the Copenhagen Declaration on Social Development and the Programme of Action of the World Summit for Social Development. These two documents —the first containing policy statements, the other dealing with their practical application— imply commitments at the national, regional and international levels. Barely two years have passed si…

La brecha de la equidad: América Latina, el Caribe y la Cumbre Social

Presentación Durante la semana del 6 al 12 de marzo de 1995, se llevó a cabo en Copenhague, Dinamarca, la Cumbre Mundial sobre Desarrollo Social. En ese encuentro, que reunió a numerosos Jefes de Estado y de Gobierno y a representantes gubernamentales de todos los países miembros de las Naciones Unidas, se emitió la Declaración de Copenhague sobre Desarrollo Social y el Programa de Acción de la Cumbre Mundial sobre Desarrollo Social. Ambos documentos --uno de enunciados políticos, otro de aplicación práctica-- entrañan compromisos a nivel nacional, regional e internacional. Han transcurrido es…

Descentralización fiscal: los ingresos municipales y regionales en Chile

Resumen A pesar de que el nivel regional se ha desarrollado de manera importante durante la década de los 90, se observa una baja participación del gasto regional dentro del gasto público total. La dependencia de los gobiernos regionales de transferencias externas, sean condicionadas o no, impone un énfasis en la desconcentración más que en la descentralización fiscal. Las funciones de estos, se ha restringido a la de asignar recursos de inversión pública relacionados a servicios básicos, e incluso ésta tiene una baja cobertura regional. Existen carencias importantes, que son necesario redu…

Panorama de la Agricultura de América Latina y el Caribe en las últimas décadas: indicadores de comportamiento en cuadros y gráficos = Survey of agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean over recent decades: performance indicators in charts...

Presentación En esta publicación se presentan en forma resumida las principales tendencias exhibidas por la agricultura de América Latina y el Caribe en las últimas décadas. Consta de un conjunto de gráficos y cuadros ilustrativos de ese panorama y de un escueto comentario sobre cada uno de ellos, a partir de lo cual se espera entregar una impresión general acerca de la actividad agrícola de la región y de los países que la componen. Cabe destacar que el crecimiento de la agricultura ha sido relativamente cambiante en los últimos 20 años. En la década de 1970, la tasa de crecimiento promedio s…

Panorama de la Agricultura de América Latina y el Caribe en las últimas décadas: indicadores de comportamiento en cuadros y gráficos = Survey of agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean over recent decades: performance indicators in charts...

Presentación En esta publicación se presentan en forma resumida las principales tendencias exhibidas por la agricultura de América Latina y el Caribe en las últimas décadas. Consta de un conjunto de gráficos y cuadros ilustrativos de ese panorama y de un escueto comentario sobre cada uno de ellos, a partir de lo cual se espera entregar una impresión general acerca de la actividad agrícola de la región y de los países que la componen. Cabe destacar que el crecimiento de la agricultura ha sido relativamente cambiante en los últimos 20 años. En la década de 1970, la tasa de crecimiento promedio s…

Preliminary Overview of the Economies of Latin America and the Caribbean 1997

Despite the instability in international financial markets in recent months and the turbulence it has created in Latin American stock markets, in 1997 the region's economies put out their best performance in a quarter of a century, combining an average growth rate of 5.3% (compared to 3.20% during the period 1991-1996) with an average rate of inflation of under 11 %. Although the current account deficit has widened considerably, from US$ 35 billion in 1996 to US$ 60 billion in 1997 (3% of GDP), inflows of foreign capital will more than cover the gap; they are expected to reach unprecedent…