Los sistemas educativos de América Latina emplean una tecnología adoptada de la que generaron los países actualmente más industrializados. Esta tecnología hace uso intensivo del trabajo, concentrando el gasto en los salarios del personal docente y administrativo, y su utilización eficiente --tal como se la aplica en los países industrializados-- conlleva un elevado gasto por alumno. Siguiendo recomendaciones de organismos internacionales, muchos gobiernos de la región han manifestado la intención de aumentar el gasto actual en educación a entre 6% y 8% del producto interno bruto. Pero en los p…
This study examines South-South economic relations in the context of regionalism. It covers three Latin American countries and eight high-performing Asian developing economies. Although the level of trade and investment between these two groups is currently very low, trade is growing fast and there are indications that the potential for continued growth exists. Although regionalism is advancing in both these parts of the world, it has so far not affected the ties between the two groups of countries, and in fact inter-regional trade growth has recently been exceeding intra-regional …
The technology employed by Latin America's educational systems was developed by the countries which are now industrialized. This technology is labour-intensive, with expenditures being concentrated in the salaries of teaching staff and administrative personnel, and its effective utilization -as it is applied in the industrialized countries- entails a high level of expenditure per student. In line with recommendations made by international agencies, many Governments in the region have voiced their intention to raise the amount they spend on education to between 6% and 8% of the gross domes…
Los desequilibrios en el sector externo e interno, desencadenados a comienzos de los años ochenta, así como las políticas de ajuste y estabilización aplicadas a lo largo de la década en América Latina, contrapusieron la necesidad de reducir el déficit fiscal y la de compensar las pérdidas de ingreso de los grupos más vulnerables derivadas de la crisis del endeudamiento externo. En este artículo se examina el comportamiento del gasto social en un grupo de países de la región, con el objeto de determinar en qué medida esas políticas afectaron el nivel y la composición del gasto social y, por lo …
The external and internal imbalances that appeared in the early 1980s, together with the adjustment and stabilization policies applied throughout that decade in Latin America, juxtaposed the need to reduce the fiscal deficit with the need to make up for the loss of income sustained by the most vulnerable groups of the population as a consequence of the external debt crisis. This article examines patterns of social expenditure in a number of countries in the region, in an effort to determine how these policies affected the level and composition of social spending and, hence, influenced social p…