A snapshot of Chile's 20 largest multinational enterprises in 2011: Sustained growth in South America

This report presents the results of the second survey of multinational enterprises (MNEs) from Chile, carried out by the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), the Institute of International Studies of the University of Chile (IEI), and the Vale Columbia Center on Sustainable International Investment (VCC), a joint center of Columbia Law School and The Earth Institute at Columbia University in New York. The survey, conducted in 2012, covers the period 2011 and was undertaken in the framework of the Emerging Markets Global Players (EMGP) project, an init…

Growth versus development: different patterns of industrial growth in Latin America during the 'boom' years

Between 2003 and 2008 Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) experienced its most remarkable expansionary period since the 1970s. Yet, LAC countries' productivity gaps widened during this period vis-à-vis industrialized countries (here represented by the United States' manufacturing sector) as revealed in CEPAL (2010). The paper splits up this process and examines the different outcomes observed at the national level for the cases of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico during these boom years. It examines the composition of productivity divergence in terms of sec…

Caribbean tourism, trends, policies and impact, 1985-2002

This paper provides an overview of the structure and performance of the Caribbean tourism sector. It evaluates the role of policies and strategies as they impact the growth and competitiveness of the sector. Although the paper is not definitive on the subject, it provides some initial work on aspects of the industry that are not the typical focus of research. These include industrial structure, evaluated in terms of size, concentration, economies of scale and scope, competition and market types, for example oligopoly. Further the paper, examines the concept of clusters as it applies to the in…

América Latina y el Caribe deberá acelerar el paso para lograr el cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible hacia 2030

América Latina y el Caribe deberá acelerar el paso para lograr el cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de la Agenda 2030, alertaron hoy los representantes de los 33 países de la región, de agencias de las Naciones Unidas y organismos regionales, multilaterales y de la sociedad civil presentes en la Sexta Reunión del Foro de los Países de América Latina y el Caribe sobre el Desarrollo Sostenible, que finalizó este viernes 28 de abril en la sede central de la CEPAL en Santiago, Chile. Al cierre de la reunión los delegados insistieron en que, si bien nos encontramos en la …

Digital Transformation as a Coping Strategy To Deal With The Fallout From The Pandemic In The Caribbean

Caribbean economies have been disrupted by the pandemic and the fallout from the war in Ukraine. Therefore, in the short to medium-term, there is need for policies to deal with post-pandemic recovery, including strengthened health and safety protocols, social protection measures and managed economic reopening to stimulate growth and employment.…

Competitividad, sostenibilidad e inclusión social en la agricultura: nuevas direcciones en el diseño de políticas en América Latina y el Caribe

En el presente libro se intenta encontrar respuestas a preguntas referidas al desarrollo agrícola que se repiten, con variaciones, en investigaciones y foros de políticas; por ejemplo, ¿cómo incrementar la competitividad de las agriculturas regionales, disminuyendo al mismo tiempo la inequidad social y la pobreza? ¿Cómo hacer más sostenible este proceso de desarrollo de la agricultura? ¿Cuáles son los esquemas institucionales más apropiados para impulsar el desarrollo agropecuario y del mundo rural? ¿Cuál es el rol de los actores sociales en las nuevas estructuras de gobernanza? Para responder…

Desafíos y propuestas para la implementación más efectiva de instrumentos económicos en la gestión ambiental de América Latina y el Caribe: el caso de Argentina

Si bien en la Argentina no se dispone de muchos casos concretos de utilización explícita de instrumentos económicos para mejorar la gestión ambiental que se hayan aplicado sistemáticamente en el pasado reciente, existen algunos programas de promoción de actividades económicas que presentan directa o indirectamente aspectos de mejoramiento ambiental,1 como así también diferentes iniciativas específicas —con distintos grados de avance— planificadas para su aplicación futura. Al respecto, se realizó un relevamiento de esos instrumentos, consultando a las instituciones responsables del diseño, for…

Las relaciones entre América Latina y el Caribe y China: áreas de oportunidad para un desarrollo más productivo, inclusivo y sostenible

El presente documento constituye una contribución de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) a los debates de la Cuarta Reunión Ministerial del Foro China-Comunidad de Estados Latinoamericanos y Caribeños (CELAC). En él se describen áreas de oportunidad para avanzar hacia una agenda conjunta de cooperación que promueva un desarrollo más productivo, inclusivo y sostenible. Para ello, se basa en el diagnóstico de la CEPAL sobre las trampas del desarrollo que enfrenta la región y en las estrategias para superarlas mediante un conjunto de transformaciones indispensables y un…

Two essays on development economics

We analyze the emergence of large-scale education systems in a framework where growth is associated with changes in the configuration of the economy. We model the incentives that the economic elite could have (collectively); to accept taxation destined to finance the education of credit-constrained workers. Contrary to previous work, in our model, this incentive does not necessarily arise from a complementarity between physical and human capital in manufacturing. Instead, we emphasize the demand for human-capital-intensive services by high-income groups. Our model seems capable to account for …

Alicia Bárcena: "Se requieren pactos sociales y económicos para enfrentar la desigualdad en la región"

(20 de mayo, 2014) La Secretaria Ejecutiva de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), Alicia Bárcena, subrayó hoy, al inaugurar en París el II Foro Económico Europa-América Latina, que en esta última región "se requieren pactos sociales y políticos en la sociedad como un todo, así como una nueva ecuación Estado, mercado, sociedad, para fortalecer instituciones y alcanzar la igualdad". El foro, organizado por la CEPAL, la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) y la Escuela de Economía de París (PSE, por sus siglas en inglés), con el apoyo de lo…

Policy Brief: Policy actions to facilitate upgrading of the agricultural sector in Trinidad and Tobago

For many countries, the acceleration of integration into the global economy and multilateral trading system provides an opportunity to access a wider range of goods and services as well as export markets, increasing their economic incomes, and improving the welfare of the citizenry. In particular, preferential trade agreements tend to increase export market access opportunities for the agro-industrial products of developing countries. While increased market access offers many opportunities for enhancing the economic growth of exporting countries, developing countries are often unable to seize…

Who has been driving the creation of industrial employment in Argentina? An analysis of the role of innovation

This paper analyses the relationship between innovation and job creation in firms. In particular, it seeks out data on the role played by innovation during the latest phase of expansion in Argentine manufacturing employment (2010–2012). It uses the model proposed by Harrison and others (2014), taking an instrumental variables approach and drawing data from the recently concluded National Survey of Employment Dynamics and Innovation (ENDEI). The results show that process innovations do not influence employment growth, but that this is positively affected by product innovations. The latter also …

Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean 2015

In its latest edition, the Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean report analyzes in-depth the FDI received by the Caribbean, where these flows are much more significant than in the rest of the region as a proportion of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The study also examines the impact of FDI on the environment, which has not been measured or regulated sufficiently by countries in the region…

Building long term strategies and public-private alliances for export development: the Finnish case

The Finish case of industrial renewal from essentially natural-resource- based industries toward machinery, engineering, electronics, and ICT is of particular relevance for Latin-American countries. The study explains the crucial role of the finish innovation system and the long-term public-private partnership in the industrial transformation towards a higher knowledge intensity and value added economy. The report recognizes the importance of innovation investments, but estimates as equal essential consistent long term strategies on facilitating conditions to build up, cooperative, confidentia…

Macroeconomic success and social vulnerability: lessons for Latin America from the Celtic Tiger

Abstract This paper uses a political economy approach to examine the nature and social impact of Ireland's economic 'miracle', namely the period of high economic growth known as the 'Celtic Tiger', which lasted from 1995 until 2000. Its principal purpose is to offer a broad and multifaceted reading of this period of Irish development, paying particular attention to the links between macroeconomic success and social vulnerability, in order to draw policy lessons for Latin America. The examination of the Celtic Tiger is prefaced by a brief introduction to some of the sa…

Breeding Latin American tigers: operational principles for rehabilitating industrial policies

This book is motivated by the emerging rehabilitation of industrial policies as a tool for supporting economic transformation and high rates of growth in developing countries. It argues that underperforming disciples of the Washington Consensus 'market fundamentalism' should learn and practice the art of systemic industrial policies, which requires a medium-long term strategic perspective and intelligent proactive state interventions in markets. However, it also stresses that rehabilitation requires that industrial policies be developed and implemented in a context of home- grown pub…

Private-public alliances for export development: the Korean case

The present report explains the development path of Korea, from a country which started its development with a lack of natural resources, industrial facilities, sufficient foreign reserves and business experiences and with human resources as its only productive factor at the disposal, to its successful technological catch-up, export performance and economic development. The study clarifies this development by concentrating on the formulation and implementation mechanism of development strategies and policies with the emphasis on trade; the technological capability building process and institu…

Strategies for Post COVID-19 Recovery in the Caribbean