This article has a twofold purpose: to describe the social and economic situation
in the countries of the Central American subregion prior to the coronavirus disease
(COVID-19) pandemic and to provide a comparative analysis of the macroeconomic
policies introduced by the governments of these countries in response to this health
crisis. As a central part of that analysis, it looks at the main structural policy challenges
for the enhancement of social protection and reactivation of production activity and
employment to be met by these countries during and after the pandemic. The need
for a natio…
El propósito del presente artículo es doble. Por una parte, se ocupa de describir el estado socioeconómico de la subregión centroamericana antes de la pandemia de enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19). Por otra, pone a disposición un análisis comparativo de las políticas macroeconómicas que han aplicado los gobiernos de los países ante la crisis derivada de la pandemia. Como un aspecto central el texto también plantea, desde una perspectiva estructural, los principales desafíos en términos de políticas nacionales (durante la pandemia y posteriores a ella, si cabe así decirlo) de protección soc…
Nota editorial .-- Presentación. Economía global y desarrollo en tiempos de pandemia: los retos para América Latina y el Caribe / Alicia Bárcena y Mario Cimoli, editores invitados .-- Asimetrías estructurales y crisis sanitaria: el imperativo de una recuperación transformadora para el desarrollo sostenible en América Latina y el Caribe / Alicia Bárcena y Mario Cimoli .-- La crisis del COVID-19 de América Latina con una perspectiva histórica / José Antonio Ocampo .-- Construir un multilateralismo favorable al desarrollo: hacia un “nuevo” nuevo orden económico internacional / Ha-Joon Chang .-- E…
The economies of Latin America and the Caribbean have been slipping behind in the global economy, weighed down by structural problems that hinder their capacity to grow and absorb technology. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has not only brought these structural problems into sharper relief, but has also exacerbated them, by reinforcing adverse trends in growth, employment and income distribution. This article analyses these trends and argues that the crisis requires a response that is both immediate but also aims to overcome long-term constraints. Very robust fiscal policies are ne…
Las economías de América Latina y el Caribe han venido rezagándose en la economía mundial, lo que constituye un reflejo de problemas estructurales que comprometen su capacidad de crecimiento y de absorción de la tecnología. La pandemia de enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) no solo ha visibilizado esos problemas estructurales, sino que los ha exacerbado, y ha reforzado las tendencias negativas en el crecimiento, el empleo y la distribución de los ingresos. El artículo analiza dichas tendencias y plantea que la crisis hace necesaria una respuesta inmediata, que debe, al mismo tiempo, apuntar …
Las políticas de promoción de exportaciones, implementadas generalmente a través de agencias especializadas, pueden contribuir a reducir las barreras de información que limitan el acceso de las empresas a los mercados externos.
Este documento analiza el impacto de las medidas llevadas adelante en 2011-2015 por el gobierno chileno para fomentar las exportaciones de productos alimenticios y forestales, destino de gran parte de los fondos invertidos en el período en los proyectos de promoción.…
En el Boletín FAL No 373 publicado en enero del 2020, se documentaron los primeros esfuerzos de una metodología rápida para el cálculo de las emisiones de CO2 del transporte marítimo de las exportaciones regionales. Dando continuidad a la investigación realizada, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo aplicar dicha metodología al caso de las importaciones de los mismos países considerados en la publicación anterior. Asimismo, tomando en consideración los comentarios recibidos por dicha publicación, se hicieron algunos ajustes metodológicos y se aumentó la muestra, por lo cual se incluye una r…
One of the structural problems that hinders fuller development in Latin America is a lack of infrastructure investment. Since the 1980s, when investment in economic infrastructure ceased to be almost entirely public, the private sector has played an important role, at times accounting for about half of the total. Such investments mainly take the form of concession contracts or other forms of public-private partnerships (PPPs).
Traditional PPP initiatives for the provision and financing of infrastructure services have had varying success, resulting in contrasting perceptions of their performanc…
The containerised sea trade performance in the Latin America and the Caribbean maritime coasts during the first three quarters of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019…
El comportamiento del comercio marítimo por contenedores por costas marítimas entre te enero a septiembre de 2020 en comparación a lo mismo período en 2019…
Desempenho do movimento de comércio nos portos da Costa Leste da América do Sul (CLAS) durante janeiro a outubro de 2020, em comparação com o mesmo período em 2019…
The Office of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) in Montevideo, Uruguay held an Introductory Course on the EQuIP Methodology for the Analysis of Global Value Chains on Wednesday, December 2, with the participation of national and international consultants from ECLAC and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO).
At the event, the Office presented an analysis of Uruguay’s position in Value Chains utilizing the Global Input-Output Tables launched by ECLAC’s International Trade Division, along with an analysis applying the new Economic Use cla…
La Oficina de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) en Montevideo, Uruguay, realizó el miércoles 2 de diciembre un Curso de Introducción a la Metodología EQuIP para el análisis de Cadenas de Valor con la participación de consultores nacionales e internacionales tanto de la CEPAL como de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo Industrial (ONUDI).
En el evento, la Oficina presentó un análisis de la posición de Uruguay en Cadenas de Valor utilizando las Matrices Globales de Insumo Producto lanzadas por la División de Comercio Internacional de la CEPAL, a…
O Escritório da Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e o Caribe (CEPAL) em Montevidéu, Uruguai, realizou em dezembro um Curso de Introdução à Metodologia EQuIP para a análise de Cadeias de Valor com a participação de consultores nacionais e internacionais da CEPAL e da Organização das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento Industrial (ONUDI).
No evento, o Escritório apresentou uma análise da posição do Uruguai em Cadeias de Valor utilizando as Matrizes Globais de Insumo-Produto lançadas pela Divisão de Comércio Internacional da CEPAL, bem como uma análise aplicando a nova classificação de Us…
Given their geographic situation, landlocked developing countries have been hit doubly hard by the cross-border processes implemented to contain the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.
This research provides a detailed explanation of the responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in the areas of international trade and transport adopted by the Governments of the Plurinational State of Bolivia and of Paraguay to limit the effects of the pandemic on trade operations and supply chains in their countries. It also provides a set of policy recommendations to preserve and improve trade facilitation and …
This brief is intended to provide general information on the upcoming United Nations Ocean Conference on scaling up ocean actions based on science and innovation for the
implementation of Agenda 2030 - Sustainable Development Goal 14 (SDG 14), with a view to stimulating more active, engaged participation of the Caribbean in the discussions. The
United Nations Ocean Conference will be co-chaired by Kenya and Portugal, and hosted by the Government of Portugal in Lisbon, during 2021. The objective of this conference is consistent with the 2017 UN General Assembly proclamation on the Decade of Oce…
This FAL Bulletin forms part of the Reflections on Disruptive Technologies in Transport that often appear in Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) publications. On this occasion, it examines the importance of cybersecurity from a logistical standpoint, especially in the current context of a pandemic.…
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has become one of the most important players in the global trading system. Comprising 10 countries with very diverse income levels, ASEAN is now the world’s fifth largest economy and plays a central role in the so-called “Factory Asia”. This document begins with an overview of the history and institutions of ASEAN, before focusing on one of its three pillars: the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), including a critical assessment of outcomes in the areas of trade in goods, trade in services and investment, among others. The document draws best pra…
Given their small size and geographic isolation, Caribbean countries are highly reliant on trade and tourism as important sources of income and employment. Lockdowns in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic have left islands closed, airports without flights, hotels shuttered, cruise ships docked in ports and economies in crisis.
This research provides a detailed explanation of the responses to COVID-19 in the areas of international trade and transport adopted by English-speaking countries of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) to limit the effects of the pandemic on trade operations and supply chain…
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