This article has two objectives: to analyse the effects of the housing subsidy on
access to credit and on real-estate investment; and to study the influence of those
relations in the Chilean experience. Following a review of the financing and subsidy
systems in Chile, a theoretical model is put forward to analyse the effect of subsidies
on housing credit and on the equilibrium of the real-estate market. The model offers
new perspectives on the role played by subsidies policy and the structure on which
the empirical research is based. The econometric analysis corroborates the two main
theoretic…
This study analyses how far the strong expansion of Argentine exports since
2003 has been due simply to favourable external conditions and how industrial
manufactures have behaved. It finds that the country's pattern of international
specialization has not greatly altered at the major category level, but that both
primary products and manufactures of agricultural origin, which account for much of
the trade surplus, have undergone significant changes in composition. In addition,
regional trade has consolidated and traditional partners such as the European Union
and the United States have b…
This paper examines the extent to which China's entry into the World Trade
Organization (WTO) in 2001 and subsequent surge in global exports affected the
composition of trade between the United States and Mexico through 2009. The
authors found that China's entry had a significant impact on the trade relations
between these two North American countries, replacing and displacing many of the
export strongholds in place before China joined the WTO and after the first stage
of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (1994-2000). Based on this
research, the authors offer a variety …
In the midst of one of the worst economic crises the Western world has faced,
governments are focusing on macroeconomic equilibrium and failing to address
the economy-environment disconnect and the social components of development.
The ecological degradation of our planet and its implications for human well-being
necessitate a sustainable approach. Although some progress has been made since
the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992, we have
yet to adopt a development path that takes account of the way that ecosystems
work or the persistent social and gender inequalit…
El presente documento propone un marco conceptual y metodológico para abordar el análisis de las discrepancias observadas entre los valores de los indicadores para el monitoreo de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (ODM) utilizados a escala global y aquellos utilizados por los países de América Latina y el Caribe en sus informes nacionales ODM. Se incluye un ejercicio de aplicación sobre un conjunto acotado de indicadores para algunas de las metas específicas de ODM (empleo, educación, mortalidad infantil y mortalidad materna, agua y saneamiento). Tanto la propuesta metodológica como el a…
This paper provides an overview of several parameters that would improve the fuel efficiency of shipping. Calculations are carried out from a Latin American perspective, and illustrate the emmissions to air and the fuel consumed by different transport modes.…
Este documento presenta un panorama de diversos parámetros que podrían mejorar la eficiencia del combustible para el transporte marítimo. Desde una perspectiva latinoamericana, los cálculos ilustran las emisiones y el combustible que consumen diversos modos de transporte.…
This report systematizes and summarizes available information on key areas of progress in implementing the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD-PA) in Latin America and the Caribbean. It also draws attention to the activities that have facilitated such progress, and identifies those objectives of the ICPD-PA where there has been little or no progress, or even some backsliding. The report also identifies a series of lessons learned over nearly 20 years of implementing ICPD-PA in the region —relating to achievements and objectives fulfilled as w…
En el presente texto se procura sistematizar y resumir la información de que disponemos sobre los principales avances logrados en la implementación del Programa de Acción de la Conferencia Internacional sobre la Población y el Desarrollo (PA-CIPD) en América Latina y el Caribe, así como señalar las acciones que han facilitado estos avances e identificar los objetivos del PA-CIPD que han tenido un escaso cumplimiento, progresos discontinuos o, incluso, retrocesos. Junto a lo anterior, en el texto se apunta a delinear un conjunto de lecciones derivadas de los casi 20 años de aplicación del PA-CI…