El presente documento busca abrir una línea de investigación en torno al análisis del surgimiento de pactos y consensos en el sector de la política social, presentando una propuesta metodológica para analizar ex post casos de surgimiento de pactos y consensos en este sector en contextos democráticos, así como para evaluar ex ante las posibilidades de un pacto o consensos en contextos específicos. Asimismo, esta propuesta metodológica enmarca tres estudios de caso sobre reformas importantes a las políticas sociales en Chile, México y Uruguay que fueron objeto de un consenso, y que serán publica…
Este informe forma parte de una serie de estudios de caso nacionales cuyo propósito es difundir el conocimiento sobre la situación actual de los sistemas de protección social en los países de América Latina y el Caribe, así como discutir los principales desafíos en este ámbito en términos de la realización de los derechos económicos y sociales de la población y el logro de los objetivos de desarrollo claves, tales como la superación de la pobreza y el hambre.…
This paper analyses econometrically the determinants of ownership concentration
in the Chilean stock market, paying particular attention to the effects of the Public
Tender Offer Act (Ley de Ofertas Públicas de Adquisición de Acciones). Although the
Public Tender Offer Act achieves its central purpose, the tender offer mechanism
increases the concentration of ownership, mainly because of the residual tender
offer obligation for which the Act provides. In addition, the study has found
significant opposite responses between the controlling shareholder and the next two
largest shareho…
En este artículo se analizan econométricamente los determinantes de la concentración de la propiedad en el mercado de valores chileno, con especial atención en los efectos de la Ley de Ofertas Públicas de Adquisición de Acciones. Si bien esta ley cumple su objetivo central, el mecanismo de oferta pública de adquisición aumenta la concentración de la propiedad, principalmente debido a la figura de la oferta pública de adquisición residual obligatoria. Además, se encontraron casos significativos de respuestas contradictorias entre el accionista mayoritario y los dos mayores accionist…
Alesina and Angeletos (2005) and Alesina and Glaeser (2004) argue that income
redistribution preferences vary systematically between the different regions and
influence the size of government and the composition of public spending. This article
analyses the demand for redistribution in Latin America, paying particular attention
to the effects of mobility expectations on this demand. The findings suggest that
demand for redistribution is driven primarily by self-interest and by considerations
of fairness based on the inequality of opportunities. They also reveal the importance
of past mobility,…
This study attempts to analyse the growth of Cuba's production sector and to
identify the main determinants and constraints that existed during a period when
tighter restrictions on trade and financial activity forced the country to reorient its
economic model and its position in the world economy. This analysis includes an
exploration of the institutional dimension of the gross domestic product (GDP). The
model, variables and methodology used for this purpose have all been adapted to
the particular features and specificities of the Cuban economy.…
This article examines the impact of organizational and absorptive capacities
and networking on the performance of Argentine software and IT services firms,
within an evolutionary theoretical framework. The models estimated show that
innovation outcomes depend on quality management, the existence of research and
development (R&D) staff and on occupying intermediate positions in the network
architecture. Firms' economic performance cannot be assessed using a single set of indicators: whereas productivity is explained by the qualifications of human resources
and employment growth by R&am…
Bajo un marco teórico evolucionista, se estudia la repercusión de las capacidades organizacionales y de absorción y de las vinculaciones en el desempeño de firmas argentinas de software y servicios informáticos. Los modelos estimados denotan que los resultados de innovación dependen de la gestión de calidad, de la existencia de equipos de investigación y desarrollo (I+D) y de posiciones intermedias en la red de vinculaciones. El desempeño económico no puede abordarse sobre la base de un mismo conjunto de indicadores. Mientras que la productividad se explica por la calificación de los recursos …
Transitioning towards a green economy -one that focuses on reducing
environmental risks and resource scarcities, while also improving well-being- has
been put forward as one possible path towards sustainable development. While
the potential advantages of pursuing a green development path are clear, moving
forward on the green agenda requires guaranteed support for emerging businesses
and industries. Consequently, the policy agenda will have to be tailored to these
new green business areas. This study assesses various green businesses and their
potential suitability for the small island State o…
This paper explores the impact of the terms of trade on output fluctuations in
Colombia, a developing country where as much as 62% of export earnings come
from just four commodities: oil (42%), coal (14%), coffee (5%), and nickel (1%). This
research was prompted by: the particular role of short-run fluctuations in developing
economies, the fact that the Colombian terms of trade are procyclical, and the
discussion on economic policies towards sterilization of the effects of commodity
prices. Following time series analysis for the period 1994 -2011, robust evidence was
found indicating that arou…
En este artículo se explora la incidencia de los términos de intercambio en las fluctuaciones de la producción en Colombia, un país en desarrollo cuyos ingresos por exportaciones proceden mayoritariamente (en un 62%) de solo cuatro productos básicos: el petróleo (42%), el carbón (14%), el café (5%) y el níquel (1%). Esta investigación fue motivada por el papel especial que desempeñan las fluctuaciones de corto plazo en las economías en desarrollo, por el hecho de que los términos de intercambio de Colombia sean procíclicos y por la discusión acerca de las políticas económicas orientadas a este…
This article has two objectives: to analyse the effects of the housing subsidy on
access to credit and on real-estate investment; and to study the influence of those
relations in the Chilean experience. Following a review of the financing and subsidy
systems in Chile, a theoretical model is put forward to analyse the effect of subsidies
on housing credit and on the equilibrium of the real-estate market. The model offers
new perspectives on the role played by subsidies policy and the structure on which
the empirical research is based. The econometric analysis corroborates the two main
theoretic…
This study analyses how far the strong expansion of Argentine exports since
2003 has been due simply to favourable external conditions and how industrial
manufactures have behaved. It finds that the country's pattern of international
specialization has not greatly altered at the major category level, but that both
primary products and manufactures of agricultural origin, which account for much of
the trade surplus, have undergone significant changes in composition. In addition,
regional trade has consolidated and traditional partners such as the European Union
and the United States have b…
This paper examines the extent to which China's entry into the World Trade
Organization (WTO) in 2001 and subsequent surge in global exports affected the
composition of trade between the United States and Mexico through 2009. The
authors found that China's entry had a significant impact on the trade relations
between these two North American countries, replacing and displacing many of the
export strongholds in place before China joined the WTO and after the first stage
of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (1994-2000). Based on this
research, the authors offer a variety …
In the midst of one of the worst economic crises the Western world has faced,
governments are focusing on macroeconomic equilibrium and failing to address
the economy-environment disconnect and the social components of development.
The ecological degradation of our planet and its implications for human well-being
necessitate a sustainable approach. Although some progress has been made since
the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992, we have
yet to adopt a development path that takes account of the way that ecosystems
work or the persistent social and gender inequalit…
Much work has been carried out on the notion of good practices in many fields of development. This refers to specific initiatives (projects, programmes, experiments) that have been identified as valuable and that can be replicated with positive results in other situations. The experiences described in this document are those in which the work of monitoring the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) has served to improve the quality of statistical production and broaden its dissemination, to enhance inter-agency coordination in the area of national statistical systems, and to promote the effective…
El presente documento propone un marco conceptual y metodológico para abordar el análisis de las discrepancias observadas entre los valores de los indicadores para el monitoreo de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (ODM) utilizados a escala global y aquellos utilizados por los países de América Latina y el Caribe en sus informes nacionales ODM. Se incluye un ejercicio de aplicación sobre un conjunto acotado de indicadores para algunas de las metas específicas de ODM (empleo, educación, mortalidad infantil y mortalidad materna, agua y saneamiento). Tanto la propuesta metodológica como el a…
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