Fiscal policy and social protection in Chile

Stable development and financing of the social protection system, one of the priorities of fiscal policy in Chile over recent years, has helped to reduce poverty and indigence, particularly since the 1990s. The fiscal accounts have been managed prudently, and budgetary balance and efficient administration have been given priority over short-term objectives. Even so, poverty is still a fact of life and the poor are still vulnerable to drastic falls in income. This means that an effort is still required to modernize fiscal policy and develop new institutional arrangements for the social protecti…

Governance crisis and the Andean region: a political economy analysis

The Andean countries, a region with abundance of natural resources and other valuable assets, exhibit a variety of governance problems that hinder its potential for social peace, stability and economic prosperity. Their empirical governance record, based on historical and recent data, although varies from country to country has been characterized by political instability, considerable frequency of constitutional reforms, presidential crisis, volatility of democratic institutions and violence. In turn, the empirical evidence on quality of institutions put the Andean region in a relatively modes…

The role of insurance in social protection

Social protection systems have to cope with large discrepancies between the financing needed to cover demand and the resources actually available. For this reason, it is necessary for any reform proposal to include elements of cost restraint as well as measures to increase the population coverage of systems. Efficiency and solidarity must improve together if progress is to be made towards universality of benefits. Any reform strategy needs to consider not only the financial constraints imposed by the macroeconomy, but also the heavy drain on financial resources and the effects on the fiscal ac…

Emigration of nurses from the Caribbean: causes and consequences for the socio-economic welfare of the country, Trinidad and Tobago: a case study

The paper will examine the migration of nurses in the Caribbean Small Island Developing States over the last 50 years, focusing on the situation in Trinidad and Tobago. It will make an attempt to assess the scope of nurse migration by drawing on data available in Trinidad and Tobago as well as in the two main destination countries, the United States and the United Kingdom. The main push factors triggering this mass exodus in the homeland and the various counteracting strategies adopted will be presented. To capture the whole picture, the different pull factors in the receiving countries …

Anuario Estadístico de América Latina y el Caribe 2002 = Statistical Yearbook for Latin America and the Caribbean 2002

La edición 2002 del Anuario estadístico de América Latina y el Caribe contiene una selección actualizada a comienzos de diciembre de las principales series estadísticas disponibles sobre la evolución económica y social de los países de la región. Representa un sistemático esfuerzo de la División de Estadística y Proyecciones de la CEPAL, orientado a homogeneizar las cifras y a hacerlas internacionalmente comparables. La primera parte comprende indicadores socioeconómicos derivados (tasas de crecimiento, proporciones o coeficientes), que representan una visión resumida de cada área de interés y…

Macroeconomic success and social vulnerability: lessons for Latin America from the Celtic Tiger

Abstract This paper uses a political economy approach to examine the nature and social impact of Ireland's economic 'miracle', namely the period of high economic growth known as the 'Celtic Tiger', which lasted from 1995 until 2000. Its principal purpose is to offer a broad and multifaceted reading of this period of Irish development, paying particular attention to the links between macroeconomic success and social vulnerability, in order to draw policy lessons for Latin America. The examination of the Celtic Tiger is prefaced by a brief introduction to some of the sa…

Prevention and insurance of conflict and terrorism: issues and evidence for Latin America

Latin America has a long history of political violence that include civil wars; guerrilla movements, military intervention, coup d'état, terrorism and others form of violent confrontation. As conflict and terrorism (C-T) produces losses of human lives and destroy assets and property there is an obvious need for prevention and insurance against this kind of risk. Insurance can be provided by both the state and by the market. In countries subject to long and violent conflict there is need for direct provision of insurance and compensation to the victims of conflict and their families. Howe…

Towards an integrated vision for dealing with instability and risk

This article puts forth a hypothesis and a challenge. The hypothesis: structural change in the international economy and in the management of public policy has brought about changes in economic performance, affected employment, poverty, and equity and resulted in greater insecurity and uncertainty. The challenge: coping with this insecurity and uncertainty despite public policy's abandonment of its historical role and the lack of success thus far of the new approaches. This study points to the greater vulnerability today stemming from the labour market as well as asymmetries in trends in …

Handbook for estimating the socio-economic and environmental effects of disasters

ECLAC, transnational corporations and the quest for a Latin American development strategy

This paper analyses the role assigned to foreign direct investment and transnational corporations in the ECLAC development project, examining the history of the institution and its most representative publications. With impressive continuity in its vision and policy recommendations, ECLAC has recognized the need for foreign investment as an aid for Latin American development, but has been cautious about its consequences. ECLAC has continually called for close scrutiny and regulation of the activities of transnational corporations. The main idea underlying these recommendations is that Latin Am…

The Millennium Development Goals: Challenges for the Caribbean