The objective of this paper is to present and illustrate from a game-theory perspective, the main concepts and challenges behind macroeconomic policy cooperation in Latin America and the Caribbean. Examples are taken from fiscal, monetary and exchange rate policies in a regional framework. Translating these concepts and examples into the economics of sub-regional integration, when countries have increasing commercial and financial relations, interact frequently and cannot escape from the consequences their decisions have on their partners, the paper contend that entering into a cooperative dyn…
Abstract This paper addresses the social effects of macroeconomic volatility in Brazil, as well as the burdens and challenges it has been imposing on social policies. Volatility is analyzed both in terms of its internal causes and those related to the world economy, as well as in its social effects and on policies aimed at counterbalancing them. The period covered by the analysis extends from 1995 to 2002, and coincides with President Cardoso's two terms. It is marked by increasing economic volatility, as he moved from the first to the second term. To understand this increased vola…
Durante los años noventa, Argentina implementó un programa de estabilización económica basado en una convertibilidad fija de la moneda doméstica con el dólar que contuvo, además, reformas macroeconómicas, estructurales y regulatorias (apertura de la economía, privatizaciones, desregulación de los mercados, facilitación de flujos financieros internacionales, etc.). Este proceso ha modificado de manera sustantiva el balance regional del país incrementando la brecha de desigualdad entre las regiones. Desde el punto de vista fiscal, a medida que las relaciones finan…
Abstract This paper uses a political economy approach to examine the nature and social impact of Ireland's economic 'miracle', namely the period of high economic growth known as the 'Celtic Tiger', which lasted from 1995 until 2000. Its principal purpose is to offer a broad and multifaceted reading of this period of Irish development, paying particular attention to the links between macroeconomic success and social vulnerability, in order to draw policy lessons for Latin America. The examination of the Celtic Tiger is prefaced by a brief introduction to some of the sa…
Este documento contiene las bases conceptuales y los fundamentos teóricos introductorios para los participantes en el ciclo de cursos del Diplomado sobre Gerencia de Proyectos y Programas .
Ésta es una actividad docente que ofrece el ILPES, a través de su Dirección de Proyectos y Programación de Inversiones, con la colaboración de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional (AECI); y en asociación con la Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, de España. El programa consta de cinco cursos que se dictan en las sedes de los Centros de Formación de la AECI en América Latina, de la Unive…
This document analyses exchange rate regimes in the Caribbean subregion. Caribbean
exchange rate regimes are typified into hard and soft pegs. Hard pegs refer to those
arrangements that maintain a constant value of the domestic currency in terms of the
currency of a major trading partner. The Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS);
economies established a monetary union in 1983. The Bahamas, Belize and Barbados also
fixed the value of their domestic currency in relation to the United States dollar in the
middle of the 1970s. Soft pegs are monetary arrangements characterized by a force…
O conhecimento sobre a relação entre pobreza, miséria e os mercados dos quais os pobres fazem parte é bastante limitado na literatura econômica brasileira. A investigação sobre a pobreza concentra-se em questões como as suas causas, distribuição espacial, conceitos e linhas de pobreza, perfil do pobre, dentre outros assuntos, e menos nas questões associadas à natureza e funcionamento dos mercados em que os pobres estão inseridos. De um lado, essa deficiência parece ter relação com as políticas sociais e de combate à pobreza que predominaram no país por muitas décadas, as quais se baseavam em m…
Abstract In this overview we analyse, first, why funds continued to flow towards emerging economies, while fundamentals in host countries had been deteriorating before the Asian crisis (a rising external deficit, with a significant liquid component; appreciating exchange rates; low capital formation, particularly in Latin America), and why funding remains dry for long since 1998; the role of the nature of the predominant agents and of a process of flows rather than one-shot building of stock of foreign capital are stressed. Then, the analysis focuses on the interrelations of capital flows and …
Abstract
This paper explores the complementary use of two instruments to manage capital-account volatility in developing countries: capital account regulations and counter-cyclical prudential regulation of domestic financial intermediaries. Capital-account regulations can provide useful instruments in terms of both improving debt profiles and facilitating the adoption of (possibly temporary); counter-cyclical macroeconomic policies. Prudential regulation and supervision should take into account not only the microeconomic risks, but also the macroeconomic risks associated with boom-bust cycles.…
Los desastres tienen un efecto negativo sobre las condiciones de vida de la población, el desempeño económico de los países o regiones en que ocurren, además de que perjudican el acervo y los servicios ambientales. Las secuelas de los desastres se prolongan más allá del corto plazo y, en ocasiones, provocan cambios irreversibles tanto en las estructuras económicas y sociales como en el medio ambiente. En el caso de los países industrializados, los desastres afectan gravemente las considerables existencias de capital acumulado, en tanto que las pérdidas de vidas humanas son limitadas gr…
Hubert Escaith is Director of Statistics and Economic Projections Division, ECLAC. The views expressed in this document, which has been reproduced without formal editing, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Organization.. This paper was prepared for the REDIMA workshop on Modeling Macroeconomic Coordination in the Andean Community, Santiago, Chile 22 October 2003. Introduction The early 1990s opened a new era for the analysis of economic interactions between Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) countries. Two channels, real and financial, conveyed th…
Presentación En la mayoría de los países de América Latina y el Caribe ha habido un marcado interés por la actualización y modernización de los sistemas de información macroestadística, en particular los relacionados con las estadísticas económicas, entre los que destacan las cuentas nacionales. Este interés se ha debido en parte a la difusión de versiones revisadas de recomendaciones y orientaciones internacionales en esta área de las estadísticas, que contribuyeron a que las autoridades de las instituciones nacionales de estadísticas actualizaran la producción de información, introduciendo l…
Se ha dicho que el pensamiento latinoamericano es la historia de los intentos por armonizar modernización e identidad. Desde su origen la CEPAL ha buscado participar en esta empresa al plantear, simultáneamente con la especificidad de las situaciones regionales, la necesidad de una transformación productiva con equidad social y, más recientemente, con sostenibilidad ambiental. La globalización es el contexto en que hoy se plantea esta tarea y el presente libro se inscribe en dicha trayectoria. Se trata, pues, de un análisis crítico de las posibilidades que ofrece la globalización al mun…
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