This article analyses the recent establishment of quasi-markets in the field of public health in Costa Rica through the internal separation of the functions of collection of contributions, financing, purchasing and the provision of services in the Costa Rican Social Security Fund; the application of a new financing model; and the introduction of management contracts with hospitals and health areas as a key instrument for allocating and transferring resources as a function of performance and fulfilment of goals. The context and bases of the management reform are examined, and a description is g…
This article contends that the rapid development of Latin America and the Caribbean --a region rich in natural resources-- will depend on how fast it learns to industrialize and process its natural resources and to develop the necessary input suppliers, engineering services and equipment for this. Consequently, this will not be a form of development based on the mere extraction of natural resources, as at present, but rather one based on the processing of such resources and the development of the activities that naturally tend to spring up and concentrate around this base (production complexes…
This article seeks to summarize the results of some studies on the structure and dynamics of the big domestically owned industrial companies and groups in five Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico); and presents supplementary elements for placing them in an overall perspective. The studies include individual analyses of 46 leading companies (in Brazil, Chile and Colombia); and 15 economic groups with an industrial base (in Brazil and Mexico);, together with aggregated studies of such groups in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico. In all cases, the studies were based…
This article analyses the economic rationale of Brazil's tariff policy during the first two years of the Plano Real. To this end, a study is made of the changes made in import duties for all the products traded. The tariff reform process in Brazil was begun in 1988, after the old Tariff Act had been in effect for thirty years, and represented a marked intensification in the process of trade openness, with the definition of a schedule of gradually decreasing tariffs which was further speeded up as from 1990. The Plano Real began in July 1994 and had many effects on import policy. The trade…
Este artículo busca sintetizar los resultados de algunos estudios sobre la estructura y dinámica de los GGE en cinco países latinoamericanos (Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, Chile y México); y presentar elementos complementarios para ubicarlos en una perspectiva de conjunto. Tales estudios incluyen análisis individualizados de 46 empresas líderes (Brasil, Colombia y Chile); y 15 grupos económicos de base industrial (Brasil y México);, así como análisis agregados sobre esos grupos en Argentina, Brasil y México. En todos los casos, los análisis se basaron en entrevistas realizadas especialmente, re…
En este artículo se analiza la lógica económica de la política arancelaria de Brasil durante los dos primeros años del Plan Real. Con este fin se estudian las modificaciones a las tasas del impuesto de importación para todos los productos comercializados. El proceso de reforma arancelaria de Brasil se inició en 1988, después de treinta años de vigencia de la Ley de Aranceles, y correspondió a una profundización marcada del proceso de apertura comercial con la definición de una trayectoria decreciente para las tasas arancelarias, que se intensificó a partir de 1990. El Plan Real se inició en ju…
Introduction
Since the first version issued in 1997, the Directory of national organizations dealing with programmes and policies on women in Latin America and the Caribbean (LC/L.1065); lists national authorities for the advancement of women and gender equity, specific programmes organized by ministries of foreign affairs and other official bodies responsible for women's issues at the sectoral level in each member State and associate members of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC);. For the purposes of this update, countries were once again requested to pr…
Introduction
Since the first version issued in 1997, the Directory of national organizations dealing with programmes and policies on women in Latin America and the Caribbean (LC/L.1065); lists national authorities for the advancement of women and gender equity, specific programmes organized by ministries of foreign affairs and other official bodies responsible for women's issues at the sectoral level in each member State and associate members of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC);. For the purposes of this update, countries were once again requested to pr…
Resumen La reforma institucional de la banca desarrollo se inició en Chile a principios de los noventa y consistió fundamentalmente en la sustitución de los programas de crédito de largo plazo directo por esquemas de financiamiento de segundo piso. En este trabajo se analiza dicha reforma evaluando separadamente cada uno de los programas de crédito y financiamiento emprendidos desde CORFO, la principal agencia gubernamental de desarrollo. Adicionalmente, el trabajo examina el creciente papel de las instituciones financieras privadas en la cobertura de vacíos del mercado de capitales, en partic…
Resumen Este documento tiene por propósito examinar algunos antecedentes sobre el mercado y el sistema de derechos de aguas en Chile. A pesar de que durante las últimas décadas en muchos países de la región se han implementado reformas de políticas tendientes a liberalizar los mercados y eliminar las intervenciones estatales directas, quizás Chile sea el único país en desarrollo que cuenta con un sistema de derechos de aguas en el que se hace hincapié en la liberalización de este mercado. Se describen, por lo tanto, las principales características del Código de Aguas chileno y las institucione…