CEPAL Review no.61

Revista de la CEPAL no.61

Notes on the measurement of poverty by the income method

The fact that different studies seeking to measure poverty in a given country often give differing results, although they apparently use the same method and the same data sources, has long disconcerted both experts in the field and the public in general. Such discrepancies (regarding the size of the phenomenon and the characteristics of households considered to be poor); reduce the credibility and technical reliability of these measurements, shed doubts on estimates of the level and evolution of poverty, and hinder international comparisons. This is why it is important to foster greater consen…

Fiscal policy and the economic cycle in Chile

This article studies the effect of the stabilization of fiscal expenditure and the anti-cyclical use of taxes as stabilization variables in the Chilean economy, through the calibration of a basic macroeconomic model adapted to the actual conditions of that economy. The results show that some 25% of the variability of economic growth could be eliminated by obviating fiscal cyclical impulses through constant growth of public investment and consumption and through anti-cyclical taxes. On the one hand, it is proposed that a system of stabilization of the growth of fiscal expenditure should be esta…

An appraisal of capital goods policy in Argentina

This article makes both a theoretical and an empirical analysis of the new policies applied in Argentina since 1992 with regard to the treatment accorded to capital goods: exemption from import duties, with drawback facilities for domestic producers in respect of their local sales. The new system is evaluated through a detailed analysis of its effects on demand for capital goods (section II);; on the domestic supply of such goods (section III);; and on some macroeconomic variables such as the fiscal balance (section IV); and the external balance (section V);. Some aspects relating to the manag…

The restructuring of the Brazilian industrial groups between 1980 and 1993

This article analyses the strategies applied by the Brazilian industrial groups during the period 1980-1993: that is to say, before the Real Plan was put into effect. After some introductory comments regarding the debate on economic groups, hypotheses are presented on the evolution of the Brazilian industrial groups in the 1980s and early 1990s; the main elements in the Brazilian economy which conditioned the restructuring strategies of the groups are identified, and these strategies are categorized on the basis of this analysis and of the hypotheses put forward in the introductory section. A …

Las mujeres en América Latina y el Caribe en los años noventa: elementos de diagnóstico y propuestas = Women in Latin America and the Caribbean in the 1990s: diagnostic elements and proposals

Las mujeres en América Latina y el Caribe en los años noventa: elementos de diagnóstico y propuestas = Women in Latin America and the Caribbean in the 1990s: diagnostic elements and proposals

Proposals for the liberalization of trade and investment in the Association of Caribbean States (ACS)

Summary Presents an overview of the status of trade liberalization in the countries of the ACS and concludes that most countries have implemented substantial trade and investment reforms which have resulted in more liberalized trading regimes and a more welcoming environment for foreign investment. Obstacles to trade and investment are examined and recommendations made in respect of the ACS Secretariat. , 19970324 , Len Ishmael , Publications 1997 Port of Spain …

La distribución del gasto público en enseñanza

Resumen Uruguay cuenta con un sistema de enseñanza en el cual hay una muy importante participación del sector público a través de una oferta gratuita. Con este trabajo se pretende contribuir al estudio de la distribución de dicho gasto, En las tres primeras secciones del trabajo, se presentan aspectos preliminares que conciernen a la distribución del ingreso utilizada, las definiciones operativas utilizadas para medir el gasto público en enseñanza y el método de estimación de su distribución. En términos generales, se trabaja con el ingreso por persona, resultado de prorratear el ingreso famil…

Social Panorama of Latin America 1996

The Social Panorama of Latin America provides a yearly appraisal of the most notable aspects of social trends in Latin America with regard to employment, income distribution, poverty, the status of children and young people, gender and social expenditure. The publication also follows up on the governments'social agenda and examines the direction taken by social policy in the areas of education, health, housing, public safety and government spending. In view of the importance attributed by the region's Governments to the subject of poverty and the fact that 1996 was the International…

Productividad total de factores: revisión metodológica y una aplicación al sector manufacturero uruguayo

Urban transport in the era of economic liberalization

In that decade, a different solution was required, because the Latin American economies, with only a few exceptions, were already regulated, protected and supervised by the State. One notable exception was the Chilean economy, which, at the onset of the 1970s, had been among the most controlled economies in the region after Cuba. Beginning in 1976/1977, Chile's economy underwent profound restructuring with the adoption of neoliberal policies, involving a reduction in customs tariffs, a decrease in State subsidies, the first steps towards the privatization of state-owned enterprises and a …

El tránsito urbano en la era de la apertura económica.

Durante el decenio de los años 1980, muchas de las economías latinoamericanas se encontraron en una situación de profunda crisis, tipificada por altas tasas de inflación, un alto endeudamiento y tasas de crecimiento económico bajas, nulas o negativas. Problemas de esa naturaleza habían ocurrido antes, por ejemplo, en los años 1930, y en aquellos momentos la reacción de las autoridades a cargo de las políticas macroeconómicas condujo a un aumento en el papel del Estado, proteger la producción doméstica de la competencia extranjera y reglamentar la economía. Frecuentemente, la intervención del E…

Metodología para el desarrollo económico local

Guía para la identificación y formulación de proyectos de vialidad urbana = Guidelines for the identification and formulation or urban roadway system projects

Guía para la identificación y formulación de proyectos de vialidad urbana = Guidelines for the identification and formulation or urban roadway system projects

El proceso de construcción social del territorio para el desarrollo económico local

Fomento productivo municipal y gestión del desarrollo económico local

Estadísticas seleccionadas de Centroamérica