Honduras: Políticas Sociales, Macroeconomía y Base Productiva. Estudio Especial De Las Naciones Unidas

El pacto fiscal: fortalezas, debilidades, desafíos: síntesis = The fiscal covenant: strengths, weaknesses, challenges: summary

El pacto fiscal: fortalezas, debilidades, desafíos: síntesis = The fiscal covenant: strengths, weaknesses, challenges: summary

Best practices, policy convergence and the WTO trade-related investment measures

International experience shows that cost­free replication and adoption of industrial best practices on a universal basis is a misconception. Rather, it is a matter of a progressive and reciprocal adaptation between external and local practices in which learning costs and times, as well as the need for public and private cooperation, are essential. The potential for convergence of policies, practices and institutions triggered by globalization appears to be greater at the macroeconomic than at the microeconomic level. This article examines such issues in a general way and then focuses on the di…

Possible effects of European Union widening on Latin America

The pending widening of the European Union to the East has revived concerns in Latin America that Europe may become more inward­looking. However, booming trade and foreign direct investment (FDI); relations between current EU members and Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs); are unlikely to harm Latin America. Trade patterns suggest that Latin America's exports to the EU are complementary to the exports of the CEECs. Moreover, the recent surge of FDI flows to various host countries, including several Latin American economies, indicates that new investment opportunities in CEECs …

Efectos para América Latina de la expansión de la Unión Europea

La inminente extensión de la Unión Europea hacia el este ha reavivado la inquietud en América Latina por la posibilidad de un mayor aislacionismo en Europa. Sin embargo, es difícil que perjudique a América Latina el auge de las relaciones en materia de comercio e inversión extranjera directa entre los miembros actuales de la Unión Europea y los países de Europa central y oriental. Por su composición, parece que las exportaciones de América Latina a la Unión Europea complementan las de los países de Europa central y oriental. Además, la masiva afluencia reciente de inversión extranjera directa …

Nuevas relaciones entre cultura, política y desarrollo en América Latina

Directions for the reform process in the Caribbean

Summary This document outlines the recent economic performance of the Caribbean countries and some of the salient issues and problems confronting policy making at this time. A discussion on trading relationships and the prospects facing the Caribbean in the changing regional and world environment follows. The Lome Convention, bananas, the Sugar protocol, the state of the Caribbean Community, CARIBCAN and the CBI are examined in this section. Challenges facing state reform, such as poverty, social services and the financial system are highlighted.…

Licitación de proyectos de infraestructura: pautas metodológicas

Guía para la identificación, preparación y evaluación de programas sociales

Social Panorama of Latin America 1997

El Panorama social de América Latina ofrece una evaluación anual de los aspectos más destacados de la evolución social latinoamericana, en la que se otorga particular importancia al análisis de la equidad. Algunos de los temas que se examinan habitualmente son el empleo, distribución del ingreso, pobreza, educación, situación de los jóvenes y los niños, género y gasto social. Presenta también un seguimiento de la agenda social de los gobiernos y un examen de las nuevas orientaciones relativas a las políticas para los distintos sectores sociales. En la edición de 1997 del Panorama se da priorid…

Notas sobre la economía y el desarrollo de América Latina Año 1998 N°612

Empresas transnacionales, procesos de reestructuración industrial y políticas económicas en América Latina

Gobiernos municipales y desarrollo local en Latinoamérica

Equity in the public budget

This article aims to make a walk-through in the virtual reality of budgetary and fiscal matters in order to identify the possible degrees of freedom to achieve a higher level of convergence between the public discourse on equity and the real content of public policies aimed at that goal. To this end, the author explores possible answers to four questions: what is the current meaning of the concept of equity; how much leeway is there in the field of taxation for expanding resources and improving vertical equity; what means are there for giving priority to the objective of equity in managing pub…

Pension system reforms, the capital market and saving

Pension system reforms seek to combine and reconcile both economic and social functions. On the basis of both conceptual aspects and the actual experience of Chile, this article illustrates the difficulties encountered in trying to make reforms ensure the fulfillment of both types of functions. These difficulties stem from two factors: i); the need to consider the reform of the pension system as a whole, where, parallel with the capitalization component, it is necessary to develop another pay-as-you-go component to finance the costs of the transition from one pension system to another, minimum…

Trade openness and structural change in the Brazilian motor industry

This article aims to classify and analyze the efforts at structural change made in the Brazilian motor industry between 1990 and 1996, seeking to relate them with the economic policy measures which had most impact on the sector. The study begins by examining the explosive increase in domestic demand for motor vehicles, its determining factors, and its main implications, especially the achievement of efficient scales of production and the initiation of a wave of investments which has been further intensified in the last three years. It goes on to study the increase in the technological dynamism…

The ongoing history of a Chilean metal products and machinery firm

Processes of adjustment and restructuring of the production sectors to a new system of macroeconomic incentives are slow, costly and more inefficient than conventional microeconomic theory would lead one to suppose. In this article, the authors explore the process of the restructuring of production of a Chilean metal products and machinery company and the way it gradually modified its operations from the 1970s onwards, adapting them to new macroeconomic and mesoeconomic signals. As is well known, in the last two decades the system off incentives and the regulatory framework for production acti…

La grieta de las drogas: desintegración social y políticas públicas en América Latina

La Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) ha querido abrir un espacio de debate en torno a problemas políticos, económicos y sociales relacionados con la producción, el tráfico y el consumo de drogas ilícitas en América Latina y el Caribe. Para ello convocó a un conjunto de expertos latinoamericanos a exponer y debatir sus convergencias y divergencias en la Reunión de Expertos sobre Economía y Consumo de Drogas Ilícitas en América Latina y el Caribe, realizada en la sede de la CEPAL en Santiago de Chile, del 13 al 15 de enero de 1997. En los meses que siguieron a di…

The equity gap: Latin America, the Caribbean and the Social Summit

The World Summit for Social Development, held in Copenhagen, Denmark, from 6 to 12 March 1995, brought together a large number of heads of State and Government and official representatives from States Members of the United Nations and culminated in the adoption of the Copenhagen Declaration on Social Development and the Programme of Action of the World Summit for Social Development. These two documents —the first containing policy statements, the other dealing with their practical application— imply commitments at the national, regional and international levels. Barely two years have passed si…